Population
33.7k persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.
San Marino
All indicators of the Macroscope base for San Marino, with sources. Below: what past UN and IMF releases projected and what actually happened.
GDP per capita, PPP
70,952
constant 2021 international $, 2023
What the data shows
Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.
How the indicators changed
- Fertility (TFR): 2.82 in 1950 → 1.15 in 2023 (−59%). Thresholds: below 2.1 since 1975, below 1.5 since 2009. The trend broke around 1973 and 1983: −0.02 → −0.1 → 0 a year.
- Births: 0.26k in 1950 → 0.2k in 2023 (−22%). Peak: 0.35k in 2001; the latest value is 43% lower. The trend broke around 1990 and 2008: 0k → 0k → −0.01k a year.
- Population: 13k in 1950 → 33.7k in 2023 (×2.6). The trend broke around 2007 and 2013: +0.28k → +0.86k → +0.05k a year.
- Internet: 0% in 1990 → 97.4% in 2024 (+97 pp). Thresholds: above 10% since 1999, above 50% since 2016, above 90% since 2022. Fastest growth in 1997–2002: 1.4% → 50.8%.
- Urban share: 48.9% in 1960 → 97.2% in 2025 (+48 pp). Thresholds: above 50% since 1962, above 75% since 1977. The trend broke around 1969 and 1984: +1.1 → +2.1 → +0.22 a year.
- GDP per person (PPP): 66,923 PPP dollars in 1997 → 70,952 PPP dollars in 2023 (+6%). Peak: 86,785 PPP dollars in 2007; the latest value is 18% lower. The trend broke around 2007 and 2013: +1,557 → −5,233 → +1,254 a year.
- GDP growth: on average 1.9% in the 2000s, −1.4% in the 2010s, 4.0% in the 2020s. Lowest: −10.2% in 2009; highest: 14.5% in 2021.
- Inflation: on average 2.2% in the 2000s, 1.4% in the 2010s, 2.8% in the 2020s. Lowest: −0.1% in 2020; highest: 5.9% in 2023.
- Net migration: on average 0.12k a year in the 1950s, 0.12k a year in the 1960s, 0.19k a year in the 1970s, 0.13k a year in the 1980s, 0.28k a year in the 1990s, 0.28k a year in the 2000s, 0.44k a year in the 2010s, −0.18k a year in the 2020s.
- Life expectancy, men: 68.6 years in 1950 → 84.2 years in 2023 (+16 years). Thresholds: above 70 years since 1960, above 80 years since 2006. The trend broke around 1991 and 2013: +0.17 → +0.33 → +0.08 a year.
What changed at the same time
- The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1972–1982: 2.29 → 1.30. Over the same years: births 0.31k → 0.22k; population 18.8k → 22.1k; urban share 63.8% → 85.4%; net migration 0.19k a year → 0.12k a year; life expectancy, men 71.3 years → 73.9 years; no data for the others in those years.
- Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 1.48 → 1.15; births 0.33k → 0.2k; population 33.6k → 33.7k; internet 97.3% (2023); urban share 97.1% → 97.1%; GDP per person (PPP) 58,468 PPP dollars → 70,952 PPP dollars; GDP growth −0.8% → 0.4%; inflation 1.6% → 5.9%; net migration 0.06k a year → −0.19k a year; life expectancy, men 82.3 years → 84.2 years.
How the indicators relate
- Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2023, 23 years): levels are barely related (r = −0.13); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.13).
- Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.95); year-to-year changes are weakly related (r = −0.28).
- Fertility (TFR) and GDP per person (PPP) (1997–2023, 27 years): levels are noticeably related, in the same direction (r = 0.42); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.23).
Against other countries
- Fertility (TFR), adjusted for income: countries with the same GDP per person (70,950 PPP dollars) typically have 1.26; here it is 1.15, about the same as most countries at this income (2023, 197 countries).
- Order of events: fertility below 3: already in 1950; urban majority: 1962; fertility below 2.1: 1975; half the population online: 2001. Fertility fell below 3 after the urban share passed 50% in 69% of 111 countries where the order is known; median gap 9 years. Fertility fell below 2.1 before half the population went online in 88% of 112 countries where the order is known.
Forecasts vs actual
- Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 1 revisions (2022–2022) and above in 1; median gap +0.1%.
- The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (1.15, 2023) only by 2024: reality is at least 1 year ahead of it.
- Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 1.29 (+13% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.43 (+25% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 0.93.
- Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 1 revisions (2022–2022) and above in 1; median gap +0.5%.
- Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 0.24k (+17% vs 2023), 2100 — 0.24k (+17% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 0.1k.
- Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 2 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 10; median gap +2.7%.
- Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 33.7k (0% vs 2023), 2100 — 31.2k (−8% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 23.2k.
- Why the UN missed the population. The 2022 projection for 2023: 33.6k; the UN's 2024 estimate: 33.7k (+0.3%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +0.8k, births 0, deaths +0.1k (fewer deaths than expected), migration −0.9k; the largest: migration.
- GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (21 editions, 2012–2022). On average the outcome was 0.5 pp above the forecast; below it in 43% of cases; typical error ±2.5 pp. The biggest miss was for 2021: IMF, April 2020 expected 5.4%, the outcome was 14.5%.
- GDP growth: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2024 — 1%, 2026 — 1.3%, 2031 — 1.3%.
- Inflation: IMF next-year forecasts (23 editions, 2012–2023). On average the outcome was 0.2 pp above the forecast; below it in 52% of cases; typical error ±1.2 pp. The biggest miss was for 2022: IMF, October 2021 expected 0.9%, the outcome was 5.3%.
- Inflation: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2025 — 2.3%, 2027 — 2.6%, 2031 — 2%.
- Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 0.13k a year, 2050 — 0.18k a year, 2100 — 0.12k a year.
- Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 85 years, 2050 — 87.2 years, 2100 — 92.4 years.
UN projections vs actual
Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.
Population
persons, 1 July
- Actual
- UN 1998
- UN 2000
- UN 2002
- UN 2004
- UN 2006
- UN 2008
- UN 2010
- UN 2012
- UN 2015
- UN 2017
- UN 2019
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 1998 | 2023 | 25 years | 32.1k | 33.7k | +5% |
| UN 2000 | 2023 | 23 years | 32.1k | 33.7k | +5% |
| UN 2002 | 2023 | 21 years | 32k | 33.7k | +5.4% |
| UN 2004 | 2023 | 19 years | 30.4k | 33.7k | +11% |
| UN 2006 | 2023 | 17 years | 33k | 33.7k | +2.3% |
| UN 2008 | 2023 | 15 years | 33.1k | 33.7k | +1.8% |
| UN 2010 | 2023 | 13 years | 33.4k | 33.7k | +1% |
| UN 2012 | 2023 | 11 years | 32.6k | 33.7k | +3.4% |
| UN 2015 | 2023 | 8 years | 32.7k | 33.7k | +3.1% |
| UN 2017 | 2023 | 6 years | 34.1k | 33.7k | −1.2% |
| UN 2019 | 2023 | 4 years | 34.2k | 33.7k | −1.2% |
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 33.6k | 33.7k | +0.3% |
Births
births per year
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 0.2k | 0.2k | +0.5% |
Total fertility rate
children per woman
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 1.15 | 1.15 | +0.1% |
Deaths
thousand deaths per year
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 0 | 0 | −16.4% |
Infant mortality
deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 2.3 | 1.1 | −53.6% |
Net migration
persons per year
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 0.1k | −0.19k | 0k a year |
Life expectancy at birth, women
years
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 84.9 | 87.1 | +2.2 yrs |
Life expectancy at birth, men
years
- Actual
- UN 2022
- UN 2024, medium
| Release | Target period | Horizon | Expected | Actual | Actual vs expected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN 2022 | 2023 | 1 year | 82.2 | 84.2 | +2 yrs |
* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).
IMF forecasts vs actual
Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.
Real GDP growth
% per year
- Actual (IMF)
- WEO, April editions
| Indicator | Forecasts | Mean error | Mean absolute error | Actual below forecast |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP growth | 21 | +0.5 pp | 2.5 pp | 43% |
| Inflation | 23 | +0.2 pp | 1.2 pp | 52% |
| Unemployment rate | 23 | +0.2 pp | 1.3 pp | 43% |
| Government gross debt | 17 | −1.9 pp | 18.4 pp | 71% |
| Government budget balance | 23 | −3.3 pp | 5.7 pp | 48% |
All indicators
Demography
Births
0.2k births per year latest value, 2023
Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).
Deaths
0 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023
Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.
Natural change
−0.1 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023
Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.
Rate of natural change
−2.1 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023
Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.
Life expectancy at 65
22.6 years latest value, 2023
Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).
Infant mortality
1.1 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023
Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.
Total fertility rate
1.15 children per woman latest value, 2023
Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.
Life expectancy at birth, women
87.1 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Life expectancy at birth, men
84.2 years latest value, 2023
Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).
Median age
47.4 years latest value, 2023
Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).
Mean age of mothers at childbirth
32.8 years latest value, 2023
Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).
Sex ratio at birth
106.6 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023
Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).
Crude marriage rate
2.74 marriages per 1,000 people latest value, 2025
Marriages in the year per 1,000 people: marriages from national offices (Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, the USA, the UK, Russia, Brazil and others, where they publish more than the international databases), Eurostat and the UN, divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. Where most births are within marriage, marriages come before births.
Marriages
0.09k marriages a year latest value, 2025
Marriages in the year (couples). National offices (Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, the USA, the UK, Russia, Brazil and others), Eurostat for Europe, the UN for the rest; by year of registration or of occurrence, as each country counts.
Adolescent fertility rate
1.2 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024
Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).
Old-age dependency
32.4 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020
Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).
Children under 15
4 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).
Children under 5
1 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).
People aged 65 and over
7 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).
People aged 80 and over
2 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023
People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).
Migration
Net migration
−0.19k persons per year latest value, 2023
Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.
Net migration rate
−5.63 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023
Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.
Personal remittances received
1.1 % of GDP latest value, 2023
Money sent home by people working or living abroad, percent of the receiving country's GDP (World Bank, from IMF balance of payments data).
International migrants, share
17.4 % of population latest value, 2024
People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).
International migrant stock
5.84k persons latest value, 2024
Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).
Emigrants, share
5.9 % of home population latest value, 2024
People from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries, as a percentage of the population living in the country (UN, International Migrant Stock 2024).
Emigrant stock
1.99k persons latest value, 2024
Number of people from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries at mid-year (UN).
Refugees from the country
0 persons, end of year latest value, 2005
Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country living abroad (UNHCR). Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate are not included, so the figure for Palestine is far too low.
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder
Refugees from the country per 1,000 people
0 per 1,000 population of the country latest value, 2005
Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country per 1,000 people living in it (UNHCR; population: UN WPP 2024). UNRWA refugees not included.
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder
Citizens under temporary protection in Europe
0 thousand persons, end of year latest value, 2026
Citizens of the country under temporary protection in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (all 31 report from 2022), end of December. For the running year: the latest month all have published. Granted from March 2022 to people fleeing the war in Ukraine: almost all are Ukrainians; for other countries, their citizens who lived in Ukraine. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm.
Economy
GDP per capita, PPP
70,952 constant 2021 international $ latest value, 2023
Gross domestic product per person at purchasing power parity, constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank, ICP).
Real GDP growth
0.4 % per year latest value, 2023
Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.
Inflation
1.2 % per year, average latest value, 2024
Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).
Government gross debt
62.9 % of GDP latest value, 2024
General government gross debt, percent of GDP (IMF WEO).
Unemployment rate
4.4 % of labour force latest value, 2024
Unemployed as a share of the labour force (IMF WEO; national definitions).
GDP per capita, US dollars
59,415 current US dollars latest value, 2023
GDP per person in current US dollars at market exchange rates (IMF WEO).
Government budget balance
0.4 % of GDP latest value, 2024
General government net lending (+, surplus) or borrowing (−, deficit), percent of GDP (IMF WEO).
Current account balance
22 % of GDP latest value, 2023
Balance of trade in goods and services, income and transfers with the rest of the world, percent of GDP: plus means the country earns abroad more than it spends (IMF WEO).
Society
Urban population
97.2 % of population latest value, 2025
Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).
Tertiary enrolment, women
57.7 % gross latest value, 2024
Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).
Women with upper secondary education
57.9 % of women 25+ latest value, 2022
Share of women aged 25+ who completed at least upper secondary education (UNESCO).
Life expectancy at birth
85.8 years latest value, 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).
Digitalisation
Internet users
97.4 % of population latest value, 2024
Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.
Mobile cellular subscriptions
120.3 per 100 people latest value, 2022
Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.
Fixed broadband subscriptions
35.8 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2022
Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.
Security
Deaths in organised violence
0 persons a year latest value, 2025
Deaths in state-based conflict, non-state conflict and one-sided violence against civilians, by where the events took place (UCDP GED, best estimate). 0 means no organised violence above UCDP thresholds (25 deaths a year in one conflict). Events in Gaza and the West Bank are counted for Palestine.
Deaths in organised violence per 100,000
0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025
Deaths in organised violence (UCDP GED) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).
Armed conflict in the country
0 0 none, 1 minor, 2 war latest value, 2025
Strongest armed conflict of the year in which the government or territory of the country is disputed (UCDP/PRIO ACD): 1 = 25-999 battle-related deaths, 2 = war, 1,000 or more. In interstate conflicts every primary party is marked even if the fighting was elsewhere (the USA in Iraq, 2003). Historical states are mapped to present-day countries by territory (USSR, Yugoslavia, South Vietnam and others).
Battle deaths
0 persons a year latest value, 2025
Soldiers and civilians killed in combat in state-based armed conflicts on the territory of the country. 1946-1988: PRIO Battle Deaths (best estimate, else the low one; a conflict of several countries split equally); from 1989: UCDP GED by place of the events. For the same conflicts in 1989-2008 PRIO is 1.6 times UCDP, so the drop in 1989 is partly a change of source. One-sided violence against civilians is not included.
Battle deaths per 100,000
0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025
Battle deaths on the territory of the country (PRIO to 1988, UCDP GED from 1989) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024), from 1950.
Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)
3.6 per 100,000 people latest value, 2002
An intentional homicide is defined as an unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.
Purchases and money
Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)
120.8 per 100,000 adults latest value, 2024
Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.
Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
38.3 % of GDP latest value, 2023
This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Source: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)
20,791.5 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2023
This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Source: Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)
Health
COVID economic support index
0 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022
Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.
COVID containment and health index
24.2 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022
Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.
COVID government response
21.2 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022
Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.
COVID policy stringency
15.2 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022
Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.
Reported COVID-19 cases
15,366 by report dates in year latest value, 2022
Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.
Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data
Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)
8.6 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024
Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.
Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
13.1 % of current health expenditure latest value, 2023
Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.
Source: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
Current health expenditure (% of GDP)
6.6 % of GDP latest value, 2023
Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.
Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)
3,923.5 current US dollars latest value, 2023
Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.
Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)
3.4 per 1,000 people latest value, 2014
Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)
9.4 per 1,000 people latest value, 2023
Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.
Physicians (per 1,000 people)
4.6 per 1,000 people latest value, 2023
Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.
Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)
Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)
0 per 100,000 people latest value, 2016
Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.
Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)
Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)
0 per 100,000 people latest value, 2024
Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.
Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024
Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024
Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.
Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
Culture and time
International tourism, number of arrivals
1,904,000 arrivals per year latest value, 2019
International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.
Land and housing
Agricultural land (% of land area)
38.3 % of land area latest value, 2023
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Arable land (% of land area)
33.1 % of land area latest value, 2023
Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Source: Arable land (% of land area)
Primary forest
0 1000 ha latest value, 2025
FAOSTAT RL, Primary Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.
Source: FAO: FAOSTAT
Everyday environment
Access to electricity (% of population)
100 % of population latest value, 2024
Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.
Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)
130.9 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2020
Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)
Forest area (% of land area)
16.7 % of land area latest value, 2023
Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.
Source: Forest area (% of land area)
Land temperature anomaly
2.11 °C latest value, 2025
FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.
Source: FAO: FAOSTAT
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
12.7 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023
Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.
Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)
100 % of population latest value, 2024
The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.
Source: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)
People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)
90.2 % of population latest value, 2024
The percentage of people using improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines: ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.
Source: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)
Work and skills
Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)
99.9 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2022
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Source: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)
Children out of school (% of primary school age)
6.1 % of primary-school-age children latest value, 2024
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)
2.9 % of GDP latest value, 2022
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Source: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
93.4 % of relevant age group latest value, 2024
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Source: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)
100 % of people aged 15-24 latest value, 2022
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Science, space and technology
GitHub developer accounts at year end
1,297 accounts latest value, 2025
Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.
Source: GitHub Innovation Graph
GitHub repositories at year end
2,738 repositories latest value, 2025
Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.
Source: GitHub Innovation Graph
Patent applications, residents
7 applications per year latest value, 2021
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
Source: Patent applications, residents
Patent applications by origin, worldwide
85 applications per year latest value, 2024
All applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at any patent office worldwide — at home and abroad (direct filings and PCT national phase entries). Country = first applicant's address (origin), not the filing office. Applications, not grants; one invention filed in five countries counts five times. Residents' filings at their own office are a separate series, resident_patent_applications. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).
Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center
Patent applications abroad by origin
55 applications per year latest value, 2024
Applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at foreign and regional offices (such as the European Patent Office): how much the country's inventions seek protection in other markets. Country = first applicant's address; applications, not grants. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).
Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center
PCT international patent applications
4 applications per year latest value, 2025
International applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) by filing date and first applicant's country. One PCT application defers the choice of countries where the invention will be protected; it is neither a patent nor a filing at a particular office. The incomplete current year is excluded. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).
Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center
Communities and participation
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)
35 % of seats latest value, 2025
Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.
Source: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)
Religion and beliefs
Government restrictions on religion
0.6 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023
Pew coding of published materials for 2023, 198 countries and territories. Scores from 0 to 10, not population percentages. GRI covers government restrictions; SHI covers hostile acts by private individuals and groups. They measure different things and must not be summed. North Korea is not scored due to insufficient reliable observations; missing is not no restrictions. Released June 15, 2026.
Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities
Social hostilities involving religion
0 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023
Pew coding of published materials for 2023, 198 countries and territories. Scores from 0 to 10, not population percentages. GRI covers government restrictions; SHI covers hostile acts by private individuals and groups. They measure different things and must not be summed. North Korea is not scored due to insufficient reliable observations; missing is not no restrictions. Released June 15, 2026.
Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities
Christians among immigrants — share
83 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Muslims among immigrants — share
1.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share
14.5 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Buddhists among immigrants — share
0.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Hindus among immigrants — share
0.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Jews among immigrants — share
0.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Other religions among immigrants — share
0.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Christians among emigrants — share
66.6 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Muslims among emigrants — share
8 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share
22.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Buddhists among emigrants — share
0.5 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Hindus among emigrants — share
0.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Jews among emigrants — share
1.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Other religions among emigrants — share
0.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020
Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.
Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants
Catholics — population, 2010 estimate
30 thousand persons latest value, 2010
Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.
Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)
Markets and valuations
Bank nonperforming loans
14.8 % of gross loans latest value, 2025
Loans 90+ days overdue or unlikely to be repaid in full divided by gross loans, before provisions and collateral deductions. National rules and coverage can differ. Source definition: The indicator measures the proportion of a deposit taker’s loan portfolio that is impaired or at risk of default. It is calculated as the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total gross loans, where NPLs are defined as loans that are past due by 90 days or more or are otherwise considered unlikely to be repaid in full without the realization of collateral. Both non-performing loans and total gross loans should be reported at their gross book value, without deducting for loan-loss provisions or collateral. This indicator provides a key measure of asset quality and potential credit risk in the banking system.
Industry and waste
Manufacturing, share of GDP
31.8 % of GDP latest value, 2023
Manufacturing value added (ISIC section C: factories, excluding mining, utilities and construction) as a percentage of GDP. The share can fall while output grows if the rest of the economy grows faster. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Manufacturing includes industries classified in ISIC (Rev. 3) major division C and is defined as the physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new products. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Industry incl. construction, share of GDP
35.8 % of GDP latest value, 2023
Value added of industry in the broad sense (mining, manufacturing, utilities and construction; ISIC B-F) as a percentage of GDP. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Industry (including construction) corresponds to ISIC (Rev.4) divisions 05-43. It is comprised of mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas industries. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Manufacturing value added per person
16,367 constant 2015 US$ per person latest value, 2023
Manufacturing value added at constant 2015 US dollars divided by population (UN WPP 2024): factory output net of inputs, not revenue. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Manufacturing includes industries classified in ISIC (Rev. 3) major division C and is defined as the physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new products. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Manufacturing value added per person (UNIDO)
17,665 constant 2020 US$ per person latest value, 2025
Manufacturing value added (ISIC section C) per person at constant 2020 US dollars. UNIDO National Accounts Database via the UN SDG database (indicator 9.2.1). Differs from the World Bank series by its base year (2020 rather than 2015) and UNIDO estimates for countries without recent accounts. Series: Manufacturing value added per capita (constant 2020 United States dollars).
Source: UNIDO via the UN SDG database: manufacturing value added
Manufacturing, share of GDP (UNIDO)
30.6 % of GDP latest value, 2025
Manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP, constant prices. UNIDO via the UN SDG database (indicator 9.2.1). Series: Manufacturing value added (constant 2020 United States dollars) as a proportion of GDP (%).
Source: UNIDO via the UN SDG database: manufacturing value added
Municipal waste per person (World Bank)
521 kg per person a year latest value, 2019
Municipal solid waste generation, kg per person a year (kg a day × 365). Municipal solid waste: households plus similar waste from shops, institutions and streets — excluding industrial, construction and mining waste. One reported year a country, the years differ. World Bank, What a Waste 3.0 (2026).
Municipal waste sent to recycling
43 % of municipal waste latest value, 2019
Share of municipal waste sent to recycling, as reported by the country. Sent is not the same as recycled: sorting rejects and exports are included; composting and incineration are not. Municipal solid waste: households plus similar waste from shops, institutions and streets — excluding industrial, construction and mining waste. One reported year a country, the years differ. World Bank, What a Waste 3.0 (2026).
Education and work
Unemployment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)
3 % of labour force latest value, 2022
Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Unemployment aged 25 and over: intermediate education (ILO)
4.7 % of labour force latest value, 2022
Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with intermediate education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Unemployment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)
6.2 % of labour force latest value, 2022
Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Unemployment aged 15-24: basic education (ILO)
48.5 % of labour force latest value, 2022
Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 15-24 with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Unemployment aged 15-24: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)
46.4 % of labour force latest value, 2022
Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 15-24 with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Employment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)
75.7 % of population latest value, 2022
Employed as a share of the population, people aged 25 and over with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, EMP_DWAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Employment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)
72.6 % of population latest value, 2022
Employed as a share of the population, people aged 25 and over with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, EMP_DWAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.
Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)
Same region: Europe
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