Macroscope
RU
All countries

Germany

Europe

All indicators of the Macroscope base for Germany, with sources. Below: what past UN and IMF releases projected and what actually happened.

Open on the chartCSV: all factsAPI
Population
84.5M
persons, 1 July, 2023
UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024
Births
654k
births per year, 2025
Destatis press release No. 230 of 1 July 2026
Total fertility rate
1.32
children per woman, 2025
Destatis press release No. 230 of 1 July 2026
Median age
45.1
years, 2023
UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024
International migrants, share
19.8
% of population, 2024
UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024
Internet users
93.5
% of population, 2024
World Bank, World Development Indicators
GDP per capita, PPP
62,824
constant 2021 international $, 2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators
Electricity demand per person
6,144
kWh per person a year, 2025
Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

What the data shows

Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.

How the indicators changed

  • Fertility (TFR): 2.19 in 1950 → 1.32 in 2025 (−40%). Peak: 2.53 in 1964; the latest value is 48% lower. Thresholds: below 2.1 since 1970, below 1.5 since 2022. The trend broke around 1966 and 1975: +0.03 → −0.13 → 0 a year.
  • Births: 1.21M in 1950 → 654k in 2025 (−46%). Peak: 1.36M in 1963; the latest value is 52% lower. The trend broke around 1966 and 1973: +15.6k → −71.4k → −2.84k a year.
  • Population: 69.8M in 1950 → 84.5M in 2023 (+21%). The trend broke around 1969: change slowed down (+480k → +111k a year).
  • Internet: 0.1% in 1990 → 93.5% in 2024 (+93 pp). Thresholds: above 10% since 1999, above 50% since 2003, above 90% since 2021. Fastest growth in 1998–2003: 9.9% → 55.9%.
  • Urban share: 75.7% in 1960 → 82.1% in 2025 (+6.4 pp). The trend broke around 1968 and 2012: +0.5 → +0.01 → +0.14 a year.
  • GDP per person (PPP): 42,355 PPP dollars in 1990 → 62,824 PPP dollars in 2025 (+48%). The trend broke around 2018: change slowed down (+697 → +209 a year).
  • GDP growth: on average 1.9% in the 1980s, 2.3% in the 1990s, 0.8% in the 2000s, 2.0% in the 2010s, 0.1% in the 2020s. Lowest: −5.6% in 2009; highest: 5.7% in 1990.
  • Inflation: on average 2.9% in the 1980s, 2.4% in the 1990s, 1.6% in the 2000s, 1.4% in the 2010s, 3.8% in the 2020s. Lowest: −0.1% in 1986; highest: 8.7% in 2022.
  • Net migration: on average −126k a year in the 1950s, 197k a year in the 1960s, 98.6k a year in the 1970s, 193k a year in the 1980s, 311k a year in the 1990s, 48.2k a year in the 2000s, 455k a year in the 2010s, 526k a year in the 2020s.
  • Life expectancy, men: 64.1 years in 1950 → 79 years in 2023 (+15 years). Threshold: above 70 years since 1982. The trend broke around 2013: change slowed down (+0.26 → +0.05 a year).

What changed at the same time

  • The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1965–1975: 2.49 → 1.48. Over the same years: births 1.31M → 781k; population 76M → 78.7M; urban share 78.3% → 79.8%; net migration 338k a year → −208k a year; life expectancy, men 67.7 years → 68.2 years; no data for the others in those years.
  • Over the last 10 years (2015–2025): fertility (TFR) 1.50 → 1.32; births 733k → 654k; population 82.1M (2015); internet 87.6% → 93.5%; urban share 80.7% → 82.1%; GDP per person (PPP) 59,669 PPP dollars → 62,824 PPP dollars; GDP growth 1.7% → 0.2%; inflation 0.7% → 2.3%; net migration 1.18M a year (2015); life expectancy, men 78.1 years (2015).

How the indicators relate

  • Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2024, 35 years): levels are noticeably related, in the same direction (r = 0.62); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.11).
  • Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2025, 66 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.74); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.18). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.
  • Fertility (TFR) and GDP per person (PPP) (1990–2025, 36 years): levels are noticeably related, in the same direction (r = 0.67); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.10).

Against other countries

  • Fertility (TFR), adjusted for income: countries with the same GDP per person (63,140 PPP dollars) typically have 1.31; here it is 1.39, about the same as most countries at this income (2023, 197 countries).
  • Internet, adjusted for income: countries with the same GDP per person (62,650 PPP dollars) typically have 98.8%; here it is 93.5%, about the same as most countries at this income (2024, 177 countries).
  • Order of events: fertility below 3: already in 1950; urban majority: already in 1960; fertility below 2.1: 1970; half the population online: 2003. Fertility fell below 3 after the urban share passed 50% in 69% of 111 countries where the order is known; median gap 9 years. Fertility fell below 2.1 before half the population went online in 88% of 112 countries where the order is known.

Forecasts vs actual

  • Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 10 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 2; median gap −5%.
  • Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 1.54 (+17% vs 2025), 2100 — 1.60 (+21% vs 2025); low variant for 2100: 1.10.
  • Fertility (TFR): Eurostat projections (EUROPOP). For the latest year with data the outcome was below the projection in 6 of 6 editions (2013–2025) and above in none; median gap −9.1%. The biggest miss: EUROPOP2019 expected 1.54 for 2024; the outcome was 1.36.
  • Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 6 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 6; median gap +1.2%.
  • The UN 1998 projection expected today's level (654k, 2025) only by 2030–2035: reality is at least 5 years ahead of it.
  • The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (654k, 2025) only after 2050: reality is at least 26 years ahead of it.
  • National statistics for 2025: 654k, 8% below the UN 2024 medium variant (708k).
  • Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 691k (+6% vs 2025), 2100 — 610k (−7% vs 2025); low variant for 2100: 258k.
  • Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 12; median gap +4.4%.
  • Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 78.3M (−7% vs 2023), 2100 — 70.9M (−16% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 50.5M.
  • Why the UN missed the population. The 1998 projection for 2023: 80.6M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 84.5M (+4.9%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +359k, births +1M, deaths +1.78M (fewer deaths than expected), migration +866k; the largest: deaths.
  • Why the UN missed the population. The 2010 projection for 2023: 80.6M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 84.5M (+4.9%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population −1.47M, births +232k, deaths −130k (more deaths than expected), migration +5.32M; the largest: migration.
  • Population: Eurostat projections (EUROPOP). For the latest year with data the outcome was below the projection in 6 of 7 editions (2013–2025) and above in 1; median gap −0.1%. The biggest miss: EUROPOP2013 expected 80.2M for 2026; the outcome was 83.5M.
  • GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (36 editions, 2007–2024). On average the outcome was 0.8 pp below the forecast; below it in 67% of cases; typical error ±1.8 pp. The biggest miss was for 2009: IMF, April 2008 expected 1%, the outcome was −5.6%.
  • GDP growth: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2026 — 0.8%, 2028 — 1.2%, 2031 — 0.6%.
  • Inflation: IMF next-year forecasts (36 editions, 2007–2024). On average the outcome was 0.5 pp above the forecast; below it in 47% of cases; typical error ±1.3 pp. The biggest miss was for 2022: IMF, April 2021 expected 1.1%, the outcome was 8.7%.
  • Inflation: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2026 — 2.7%, 2028 — 2%, 2031 — 2.1%.
  • Net migration: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 12 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in none; median difference +422k a year. The biggest miss: the 2012 revision expected 90k a year for 2020–2025; the outcome was 572k a year (for the years of the period so far).
  • Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 163k a year, 2050 — 179k a year, 2100 — 141k a year.
  • Net migration: Eurostat projections (EUROPOP). For the latest year with data the outcome was below the projection in 1 of 6 editions (2013–2025) and above in 5; median gap +167k a year. The biggest miss: EUROPOP2013 expected 231k a year for 2024; the outcome was 494k a year.
  • Life expectancy, men: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 5 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 7; median difference −0.7 years. The biggest miss: the 2015 revision expected 80.4 years for 2020–2025; the outcome was 78.6 years (for the years of the period so far).
  • Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 80.4 years, 2050 — 83.5 years, 2100 — 89.2 years.
  • Life expectancy, men: Eurostat projections (EUROPOP). For the latest year with data the outcome was below the projection in 3 of 5 editions (2015–2025) and above in 1; median gap −0.2 years. The biggest miss: EUROPOP2015 expected 80 years for 2024; the outcome was 78.9 years.

UN projections vs actual

Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.

Population

persons, 1 July
Germany: PopulationActual 2023: 84.5M76M78M80M82M84M86M19902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 1998202325 years80.6M84.5M+4.9%
UN 2000202323 years79.3M84.5M+6.6%
UN 2002202321 years82.1M84.5M+3%
UN 2004202319 years82.1M84.5M+3%
UN 2006202317 years80.7M84.5M+4.8%
UN 2008202315 years79.8M84.5M+6%
UN 2010202313 years80.6M84.5M+4.9%
UN 2012202311 years81.3M84.5M+4%
UN 201520238 years80.2M84.5M+5.5%
UN 201720236 years82.6M84.5M+2.4%
UN 201920234 years83.8M84.5M+0.9%
UN 202220231 year83.3M84.5M+1.5%

Births

births per year
Germany: BirthsActual 2025: 654k500k600k700k800k900k1M19902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982020–202524 years698k722k+3.5%
UN 20002020–202522 years631k722k+14.5%
UN 20022020–202520 years738k722k−2.2%
UN 20042020–202518 years745k722k−3.1%
UN 20062020–202516 years691k722k+4.5%
UN 20082020–202514 years647k722k+11.6%
UN 20102020–202512 years730k722k−1.1%
UN 20122020–202510 years691k722k+4.5%
UN 20152020–20258 years697k722k+3.6%
UN 20172020–20256 years744k722k−3%
UN 20192020–20254 years784k722k−7.9%
UN 202220253 years744k654k−12%

Total fertility rate

children per woman
Germany: Total fertility rateActual 2025: 1.321.21.41.61.819902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982020–202524 years1.581.44−8.4%
UN 20002020–202522 years1.401.44+3.1%
UN 20022020–202520 years1.531.44−5.7%
UN 20042020–202518 years1.551.44−6.9%
UN 20062020–202516 years1.491.44−2.9%
UN 20082020–202514 years1.441.44+0.3%
UN 20102020–202512 years1.621.44−11%
UN 20122020–202510 years1.501.44−4%
UN 20152020–20258 years1.481.44−2.2%
UN 20172020–20256 years1.511.44−4.3%
UN 20192020–20254 years1.611.44−10.5%
UN 202220253 years1.541.32−14.3%

Deaths

thousand deaths per year
Germany: DeathsActual 2023: 1,0348009001,0001,10019902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982015–202020 years1,017945−7.1%
UN 20002015–202018 years972945−2.8%
UN 20022015–202016 years971945−2.6%
UN 20042015–202014 years976945−3.2%
UN 20062015–202012 years972945−2.8%
UN 20082015–202010 years950945−0.6%
UN 20102015–20208 years935945+1%
UN 20122015–20206 years946945−0.1%
UN 20152015–20202 years908945+4.1%
UN 20172015–20200 years932945+1.4%
UN 202220231 year9471,034+9.2%

Infant mortality

deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births
Germany: Infant mortalityActual 2023: 30246819902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982015–202020 years4.73.3−30.4%
UN 20002015–202018 years4.13.3−20.8%
UN 20022015–202016 years4.13.3−20.3%
UN 20042015–202014 years4.13.3−19.7%
UN 20062015–202012 years43.3−19.5%
UN 20082015–202010 years3.93.3−15.8%
UN 20102015–20208 years3.33.3−1.5%
UN 20122015–20206 years2.73.3+20%
UN 20152015–20202 years2.63.3+26.2%
UN 20172015–20200 years2.13.3+56.3%
UN 202220231 year2.63+15.8%

Net migration

persons per year
Germany: Net migrationActual 2023: 610k−1M−500k0500k1M1.5M19902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982020–2025*24 years200k572k+372k a year
UN 20002020–2025*22 years180k572k+392k a year
UN 20022020–2025*20 years211k572k+361k a year
UN 20042020–2025*18 years200k572k+372k a year
UN 20062020–2025*16 years150k572k+422k a year
UN 20082020–2025*14 years110k572k+462k a year
UN 20102020–2025*12 years110k572k+462k a year
UN 20122020–2025*10 years90k572k+482k a year
UN 20152020–2025*8 years150k572k+422k a year
UN 20172020–2025*6 years200k572k+372k a year
UN 20192020–2025*4 years145k572k+428k a year
UN 202220231 year156k610k+454k a year

Life expectancy at birth, women

years
Germany: Life expectancy at birth, womenActual 2023: 83.8788082848619902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982020–2025*24 years82.783.5+0.8 yrs
UN 20002020–2025*22 years83.783.5−0.2 yrs
UN 20022020–2025*20 years83.883.5−0.2 yrs
UN 20042020–2025*18 years8483.5−0.5 yrs
UN 20062020–2025*16 years8483.5−0.5 yrs
UN 20082020–2025*14 years84.383.5−0.8 yrs
UN 20102020–2025*12 years84.283.5−0.7 yrs
UN 20122020–2025*10 years84.583.5−1 yrs
UN 20152020–2025*8 years84.583.5−1 yrs
UN 20172020–2025*6 years84.283.5−0.7 yrs
UN 20192020–2025*4 years84.183.5−0.6 yrs
UN 202220231 year84.483.8−0.6 yrs

Life expectancy at birth, men

years
Germany: Life expectancy at birth, menActual 2023: 797075808519902000201020202030
  • Actual
  • UN 1998
  • UN 2000
  • UN 2002
  • UN 2004
  • UN 2006
  • UN 2008
  • UN 2010
  • UN 2012
  • UN 2015
  • UN 2017
  • UN 2019
  • UN 2022
  • UN 2024, medium
ReleaseTarget periodHorizonExpectedActualActual vs expected
UN 19982020–2025*24 years7778.6+1.5 yrs
UN 20002020–2025*22 years78.278.6+0.4 yrs
UN 20022020–2025*20 years78.178.6+0.5 yrs
UN 20042020–2025*18 years78.478.6+0.2 yrs
UN 20062020–2025*16 years78.578.6+0.1 yrs
UN 20082020–2025*14 years7978.6−0.5 yrs
UN 20102020–2025*12 years79.978.6−1.4 yrs
UN 20122020–2025*10 years79.878.6−1.3 yrs
UN 20152020–2025*8 years80.478.6−1.8 yrs
UN 20172020–2025*6 years8078.6−1.4 yrs
UN 20192020–2025*4 years79.678.6−1 yrs
UN 202220231 year79.979−0.9 yrs

* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).

IMF forecasts vs actual

Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.

Real GDP growth

% per year
Germany: Real GDP growthActual 2025: 0.2−10−505102000200520102015202020252030
  • Actual (IMF)
  • WEO, April editions
IndicatorForecastsMean errorMean absolute errorActual below forecast
Real GDP growth36−0.8 pp1.8 pp67%
Inflation36+0.5 pp1.3 pp47%
Unemployment rate36−0.7 pp0.9 pp78%
Government gross debt29−0.5 pp3.1 pp59%
Government budget balance300 pp1.4 pp40%

All indicators

Demography

Population

84.5M persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Germany: Population1950: 69.8M; 2023: 84.5M020M40M60M80M100M19501975200020252050

Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Births

654k births per year latest value, 2025

Germany: Births1950: 1.21M; 2025: 654k0500k1M1.5M19501975200020252050

Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).

Source: Destatis press release No. 230 of 1 July 2026

Deaths

1,034 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Deaths1950: 717; 2023: 1,03405001,0001,50019501975200020252050

Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Natural change

−314.9 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Natural change1950: 488.9; 2023: −314.9010020030040050019501975200020252050

Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Rate of natural change

−3.7 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Rate of natural change1950: 7; 2023: −3.70246819501975200020252050

Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Life expectancy at 65

19.8 years latest value, 2023

Germany: Life expectancy at 651950: 13.1; 2023: 19.8051015202519501975200020252050

Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Infant mortality

3 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023

Germany: Infant mortality1950: 57.6; 2023: 3020406019501975200020252050

Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Total fertility rate

1.32 children per woman latest value, 2025

Germany: Total fertility rate1950: 2.19; 2025: 1.320.001.002.003.0019501975200020252050

Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.

Source: Destatis press release No. 230 of 1 July 2026

Life expectancy at birth, women

83.8 years latest value, 2023

Germany: Life expectancy at birth, women1950: 69.3; 2023: 83.802040608010019501975200020252050

Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Life expectancy at birth, men

79 years latest value, 2023

Germany: Life expectancy at birth, men1950: 64.1; 2023: 7902040608010019501975200020252050

Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Median age

45.1 years latest value, 2023

Germany: Median age1950: 32.9; 2023: 45.10102030405019501975200020252050

Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Mean age of mothers at childbirth

31.5 years latest value, 2023

Germany: Mean age of mothers at childbirth1950: 27.9; 2023: 31.501020304019501975200020252050

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Sex ratio at birth

105.6 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023

Germany: Sex ratio at birth1950: 107.3; 2023: 105.605010015019501975200020252050

Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Mean age at first birth

29.6 years latest value, 2017

Germany: Mean age at first birth2009: 28.7; 2017: 29.6010203020102015

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their first child (adjusted for the age structure of women). Human Fertility Database, summary indicators.

Source: Human Fertility Database, summary indicators (HFDLite)

Completed cohort fertility

1.58 children per woman; year = birth year of women latest value, 1973

Germany: Completed cohort fertility1941: 1.92; 1973: 1.5800.511.5219501955196019651970

Children per woman born in a given year by the end of childbearing (observed to age 44 or more). The year is the birth year of the women, not a calendar year. Human Fertility Database.

Source: Human Fertility Database, summary indicators (HFDLite)

Excess deaths

1.5 % above the 2015-2019 trend latest value, 2025

Germany: Excess deaths2020: 3.3; 2025: 1.505101520202025

How many percent more deaths (minus: fewer) the year had than the straight line through 2015-2019 of the same country. Macroscope's calculation from the Human Mortality Database: weekly deaths (Short-Term Mortality Fluctuations, ISO years scaled to 52.18 weeks), annual deaths where those are missing; no ageing adjustment beyond the trend, so the further from 2019, the rougher the estimate.

Source: Human Mortality Database, weekly deaths (Short-Term Mortality Fluctuations, September 2026 release, Our World in Data copy); excess deaths: Macroscope's calculation

Births: long series

773.1 thousand births per year latest value, 2020

Germany: Births: long series1946: 921.7; 2020: 773.105001,0001,50019501960197019801990200020102020

Live births per year from the Human Mortality Database, from the first year it publishes (Sweden 1749, France 1806, Denmark 1835), within the borders of the time. United Kingdom from 1922; Germany before 1990 = East plus West. Where it overlaps the UN series (from 1950) it usually differs by less than 1%.

Source: Human Mortality Database, live births (September 2025 release, Our World in Data copy)

Crude birth rate: long series

9.3 births per 1,000 people a year latest value, 2020

Germany: Crude birth rate: long series1956: 16; 2020: 9.3051015201960197019801990200020102020

Live births per 1,000 people. Macroscope's calculation from the Human Mortality Database: births divided by the mean of the populations on 1 January of the year and of the next. Starts when HMD publishes the population (Sweden 1751, France 1816). In years of border changes the divisor mixes the old and new territory.

Source: Human Mortality Database: births per 1,000 people, Macroscope's calculation (births: September 2025 release, Our World in Data copy; population: mean of 1 January of the year and the next, HMD summary tables)

Total fertility rate (HFD)

1.57 children per woman latest value, 2017

Germany: Total fertility rate (HFD)1956: 2.22; 2017: 1.570123196019701980199020002010

Children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year. Human Fertility Database: official summary tables from 1960; earlier years from the Our World in Data copy of the same database (Sweden 1891, Denmark 1916, USA 1933, France 1946). May differ slightly from the UN estimate.

Source: Human Fertility Database, summary indicators (HFDLite)

Crude marriage rate

4.15 marriages per 1,000 people latest value, 2025

Germany: Crude marriage rate1960: 9.46; 2025: 4.1502468101960197019801990200020102020

Marriages in the year per 1,000 people: marriages from national offices (Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, the USA, the UK, Russia, Brazil and others, where they publish more than the international databases), Eurostat and the UN, divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. Where most births are within marriage, marriages come before births.

Source: National statistics (destatis.de)

Marriages

349k marriages a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Marriages1960: 689k; 2025: 349k0200k400k600k800k1960197019801990200020102020

Marriages in the year (couples). National offices (Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, the USA, the UK, Russia, Brazil and others), Eurostat for Europe, the UN for the rest; by year of registration or of occurrence, as each country counts.

Source: National statistics (destatis.de)

Adolescent fertility rate

5.2 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024

Germany: Adolescent fertility rate1960: 43.7; 2024: 5.2010203040501960197019801990200020102020

Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Old-age dependency

36.6 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020

Germany: Old-age dependency1950: 15.2; 2020: 36.6020406019501975200020252050

Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Children under 15

11,765 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Germany: Children under 151950: 16,812; 2023: 11,76505,00010,00015,00020,00019501975200020252050

Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Children under 5

3,909 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Germany: Children under 51950: 5,033; 2023: 3,90902,0004,0006,0008,00019501975200020252050

Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

People aged 65 and over

19,269 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Germany: People aged 65 and over1950: 6,273; 2023: 19,26905,00010,00015,00020,00025,00019501975200020252050

People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

People aged 80 and over

6,333 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Germany: People aged 80 and over1950: 604; 2023: 6,33305,00010,00015,00019501975200020252050

People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Fertility of native-born mothers

1.23 children per woman latest value, 2024

Germany: Fertility of native-born mothers2019: 1.41; 2024: 1.2300.511.52020

Total fertility rate of women born in the country. Macroscope's calculation from Eurostat data: births by age and country of birth of the mother divided by women of the same age and country of birth (checked against the official TFR: median deviation 0.3%). Eurostat publishes no such series; small groups (under 5,000 births a year) are left out.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Fertility of foreign-born mothers

1.81 children per woman latest value, 2024

Germany: Fertility of foreign-born mothers2022: 1.98; 2024: 1.8100.511.522020

Total fertility rate of women born abroad. Macroscope's calculation from Eurostat data, as for native-born mothers; small groups and groups with incomplete counts (Poland after 2022) are left out.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Migration

Net migration

610k persons per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Net migration1950: −628k; 2023: 610k−1M−500k0500k1M1.5M19501975200020252050

Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Net migration rate

7.22 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Net migration rate1950: −8.99; 2023: 7.22−10−505101519501975200020252050

Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024

Personal remittances received

0.5 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Personal remittances received1971: 0.1; 2025: 0.500.10.20.30.40.519801990200020102020

Money sent home by people working or living abroad, percent of the receiving country's GDP (World Bank, from IMF balance of payments data).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

International migrants, share

19.8 % of population latest value, 2024

Germany: International migrants, share1990: 8.7; 2024: 19.8051015201990199520002005201020152020

People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrant stock

16.8M persons latest value, 2024

Germany: International migrant stock1990: 6.96M; 2024: 16.8M05M10M15M20M1990199520002005201020152020

Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

Emigrants, share

5.1 % of home population latest value, 2024

Germany: Emigrants, share1990: 4.9; 2024: 5.102461990199520002005201020152020

People from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries, as a percentage of the population living in the country (UN, International Migrant Stock 2024).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

Emigrant stock

4.3M persons latest value, 2024

Germany: Emigrant stock1990: 3.87M; 2024: 4.3M01M2M3M4M5M1990199520002005201020152020

Number of people from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries at mid-year (UN).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

Refugees hosted

2.66M persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Germany: Refugees hosted1951: 265k; 2025: 2.66M01M2M3M1960197019801990200020102020

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate (incl. people in refugee-like situations) and other people in need of international protection living in the country; asylum-seekers and internally displaced people are not included.

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder

Refugees hosted per 1,000 people

31.6 per 1,000 population latest value, 2025

Germany: Refugees hosted per 1,000 people1951: 3.8; 2025: 31.60102030401960197019801990200020102020

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate and other people in need of international protection living in the country, per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder

Refugees from the country

0.33k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Germany: Refugees from the country1991: 0.01k; 2025: 0.33k00.5k1k1.5k1995200020052010201520202025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country living abroad (UNHCR). Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate are not included, so the figure for Palestine is far too low.

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder

Refugees from the country per 1,000 people

0 per 1,000 population of the country latest value, 2025

Germany: Refugees from the country per 1,000 people1991: 0; 2025: 0000001995200020052010201520202025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country per 1,000 people living in it (UNHCR; population: UN WPP 2024). UNRWA refugees not included.

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder

Births to foreign-born mothers

32.9 % of births latest value, 2024

Germany: Births to foreign-born mothers2013: 25.9; 2024: 32.901020304020152020

Share of live births to mothers born in another country, among births with a known country of birth of the mother: Europe from Eurostat (demo_facbc), Australia and Canada from their national offices (Canada: among all births).

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Asylum applications

1.35 first-time applicants per 1,000 people latest value, 2025

Germany: Asylum applications2008: 0.26; 2025: 1.3502468102010201520202025

People who applied for asylum for the first time in the year (Eurostat, migr_asyappctza) per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024). Europe only.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Ordered to leave

55,240 persons a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Ordered to leave2008: 11,985; 2025: 55,240020,00040,00060,00080,000100,0002010201520202025

Non-EU citizens ordered to leave the country in the year: decisions on illegal stay (Eurostat, migr_eiord). These are orders, not removals: some leave later, some stay. Europe only.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Returned after an order to leave

36,075 persons a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Returned after an order to leave2008: 14,295; 2025: 36,075020,00040,00060,00080,0002010201520202025

Non-EU citizens who left the country in the year after an order to leave, forced or voluntary, to any destination (Eurostat, migr_eirtn). A return may follow an order of an earlier year. Europe only.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Resettled refugees

2,230 persons a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Resettled refugees2008: 0; 2025: 2,23002,0004,0006,0002010201520202025

People resettled to the country in the year from third countries (usually referred by UNHCR), Eurostat, migr_asyresa. Excludes relocation within the EU. Europe only.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Citizens under temporary protection in Europe

0 thousand persons, end of year latest value, 2026

Germany: Citizens under temporary protection in Europe2022: 0; 2026: 0000000020202025

Citizens of the country under temporary protection in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (all 31 report from 2022), end of December. For the running year: the latest month all have published. Granted from March 2022 to people fleeing the war in Ukraine: almost all are Ukrainians; for other countries, their citizens who lived in Ukraine. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm.

Source: Eurostat, beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of June 2026 (latest month published; the year is not over)

Temporary protection hosted per 1,000 people

15.5 per 1,000 population latest value, 2026

Germany: Temporary protection hosted per 1,000 people2022: 11.5; 2026: 15.50510152020202025

People under EU temporary protection (fleeing the war in Ukraine) living in the country at the end of December, per 1,000 people. Running year: latest month published. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm; population: UN WPP 2024. EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.

Source: Eurostat, beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of August 2026 (latest month published; the year is not over)

Asylum applications worldwide

1.35 new applications per 1,000 people latest value, 2025

Germany: Asylum applications worldwide2000: 0.96; 2025: 1.350246810200020052010201520202025

New asylum applications lodged in the country in the year per 1,000 people (UNHCR; cases where a country counts cases rather than people; population: UN WPP 2024). All countries; for Europe there is also Eurostat's series of first-time applicants.

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder

Immigration rate

12.8 per 1,000 people a year latest value, 2024

Germany: Immigration rate1990: 15.8; 2024: 12.805101520251990199520002005201020152020

Immigrants in the year per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024): Europe by registration data (Eurostat, migr_imm8); Russia (from 2011), Türkiye, Australia, New Zealand, Korea and Kazakhstan from their national offices, each by its own rule (12 of 16 months in Australia and New Zealand, 90 days in Korea, registration for 9 months or more in Russia).

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Emigration rate

6.9 per 1,000 people a year latest value, 2024

Germany: Emigration rate1990: 7.7; 2024: 6.90510151990199520002005201020152020

Emigrants in the year per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024): Europe by registration data (Eurostat, migr_emi2); Russia (from 2011), Türkiye, Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Kazakhstan and Canada (from 2016) from their national offices, each by its own rule. Departures are recorded less completely than arrivals.

Source: Eurostat, demography and migration

Economy

GDP per capita, PPP

62,824 constant 2021 international $ latest value, 2025

Germany: GDP per capita, PPP1990: 42,355; 2025: 62,824020,00040,00060,00080,00019901995200020052010201520202025

Gross domestic product per person at purchasing power parity, constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank, ICP).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Real GDP growth

0.2 % per year latest value, 2025

Germany: Real GDP growth1980: 1.3; 2025: 0.2−10−5051019801990200020102020

Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Inflation

2.3 % per year, average latest value, 2025

Germany: Inflation1980: 5.4; 2025: 2.3−23819801990200020102020

Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Government gross debt

62.9 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Government gross debt1991: 39; 2025: 62.90204060801001995200020052010201520202025

General government gross debt, percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Unemployment rate

3.8 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment rate1980: 3.4; 2025: 3.805101519801990200020102020

Unemployed as a share of the labour force (IMF WEO; national definitions).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Unemployment, ILO estimate

3.7 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment, ILO estimate1991: 5.3; 2025: 3.70510151995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force by the ILO's single definition: a modelled estimate for every country, including those without surveys (via the World Bank). Unlike the IMF series, one definition for all, but no projections.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Youth unemployment, 15-24

6.9 % of labour force aged 15-24 latest value, 2025

Germany: Youth unemployment, 15-241991: 5.5; 2025: 6.9051015201995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force aged 15-24 (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

GDP per capita, US dollars

60,439 current US dollars latest value, 2025

Germany: GDP per capita, US dollars1980: 11,150; 2025: 60,439020,00040,00060,00080,00019801990200020102020

GDP per person in current US dollars at market exchange rates (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Government budget balance

−2.7 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Government budget balance1991: −3.2; 2025: −2.7−10−5051995200020052010201520202025

General government net lending (+, surplus) or borrowing (−, deficit), percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Current account balance

4.4 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Current account balance1980: −1.8; 2025: 4.4−5051019801990200020102020

Balance of trade in goods and services, income and transfers with the rest of the world, percent of GDP: plus means the country earns abroad more than it spends (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Real house prices

129.4 index, 2010 = 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Real house prices1970: 122.8; 2025: 129.4050100150200197019801990200020102020

House prices adjusted for consumer price inflation (BIS index from national sources, 2010 = 100, mean of four quarters). Compare the changes, not the levels of different countries.

Source: BIS, selected residential property prices

Society

Urban population

82.1 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Urban population1960: 75.7; 2025: 82.10204060801001960197019801990200020102020

Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Tertiary enrolment, women

80.9 % gross latest value, 2024

Germany: Tertiary enrolment, women2013: 58.7; 2024: 80.902040608010020152020

Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Women with upper secondary education

79.9 % of women 25+ latest value, 2023

Germany: Women with upper secondary education1993: 65; 2023: 79.9020406080100199520002005201020152020

Share of women aged 25+ who completed at least upper secondary education (UNESCO).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Female labour force participation

55.3 % of women 15+ latest value, 2025

Germany: Female labour force participation1990: 45.2; 2025: 55.3020406019901995200020052010201520202025

Share of women aged 15+ who work or look for work (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Life expectancy at birth

80.8 years latest value, 2024

Germany: Life expectancy at birth1960: 69.1; 2024: 80.80204060801001960197019801990200020102020

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Digitalisation

Internet users

93.5 % of population latest value, 2024

Germany: Internet users1990: 0.1; 2024: 93.50204060801001990199520002005201020152020

Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Mobile cellular subscriptions

129.2 per 100 people latest value, 2024

Germany: Mobile cellular subscriptions1960: 0; 2024: 129.20501001501960197019801990200020102020

Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Fixed broadband subscriptions

45.6 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2024

Germany: Fixed broadband subscriptions2000: 0.3; 2024: 45.60102030405020002005201020152020

Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Generative AI use, age 16–74

32.25 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI use, age 16–742025: 32.25; 2025: 32.2501020304020202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Use of generative AI tools: in the last 3 months.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Generative AI for private use, age 16–74

27.2 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI for private use, age 16–742025: 27.2; 2025: 27.2010203020202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Use of generative AI tools: for private purposes.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Generative AI for work, age 16–74

15.79 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI for work, age 16–742025: 15.79; 2025: 15.790510152020202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Use of generative AI tools: for professional (work) purposes.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Generative AI for formal education, age 16–74

6.04 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI for formal education, age 16–742025: 6.04; 2025: 6.040246820202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Use of generative AI tools: for formal education.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Social networking, age 16–74

59.24 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Social networking, age 16–742011: 41.91; 2025: 59.240204060201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: participating in social networks (creating user profile, posting messages or other contributions to facebook, twitter, etc.).

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Instant messaging, age 16–74

82.79 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Instant messaging, age 16–742019: 76.55; 2025: 82.7902040608010020202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: instant messaging, i.e. exchanging messages, for example, via Skype, Messenger, WhatsApp, Viber.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Internet calls, age 16–74

78.69 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Internet calls, age 16–742008: 14.9; 2025: 78.690204060802010201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: telephoning or video calls.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Online news, age 16–74

64.21 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online news, age 16–742013: 56.9; 2025: 64.21020406080201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: reading online news sites/newspapers/news magazines.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Podcasts, age 16–74

28.81 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Podcasts, age 16–742022: 18.42; 2024: 28.8101020302020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: listening to or downloading podcasts (last 3 months).

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Playing or downloading games, age 16–74

28.27 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Playing or downloading games, age 16–742016: 31.22; 2024: 28.270102030402020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: playing or downloading games.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Online music and downloads, age 16–74

61.16 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Online music and downloads, age 16–742020: 57.41; 2024: 61.160204060802020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: listening to music (e.g. web radio, music streaming) or downloading music.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Streamed TV and video, age 16–74

75.27 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Streamed TV and video, age 16–742016: 62.22; 2024: 75.270204060802020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: watching internet streamed TV or videos.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Internet TV, age 16–74

60.36 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Internet TV, age 16–742016: 35.43; 2024: 60.360204060802020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: watching internet streamed TV (live or catch-up) from TV broadcasters.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Video on demand, age 16–74

53.48 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Video on demand, age 16–742016: 21.03; 2024: 53.4802040602020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: watching video on demand from commercial services.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Video-sharing services, age 16–74

60.89 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2024

Germany: Video-sharing services, age 16–742016: 55.89; 2024: 60.890204060802020

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: watching video content from sharing services.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Online courses, age 16–74

10.09 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online courses, age 16–742007: 2.48; 2025: 10.090510152010201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: doing an online course (of any subject).

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Email, age 16–74

87.76 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Email, age 16–742002: 37.6; 2025: 87.7602040608010020052010201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Internet use: sending/receiving e-mails.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Daily internet use, age 16–74

89.41 % of individuals aged 16–74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Daily internet use, age 16–742003: 25.68; 2025: 89.4102040608010020052010201520202025

Eurostat survey, all individuals aged 16–74, both sexes, not only internet users. Use during the last three months; year denotes survey year. Categories overlap; gaps and definition changes are not filled, source flags are retained in the typed dataset. Frequency of internet access: daily.

Source: Eurostat: internet activities and generative AI use

Google: search referral share

86.77 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: Google: search referral share2009: 97.27; 2025: 86.770204060801002010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

bing: search referral share

6.3 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: bing: search referral share2009: 0.47; 2025: 6.3024682010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

Yahoo!: search referral share

1.57 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: Yahoo!: search referral share2009: 1.3; 2025: 1.5700.511.522010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

YANDEX: search referral share

2.45 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: YANDEX: search referral share2009: 0; 2025: 2.4500.511.522.52010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

Baidu: search referral share

0.01 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: Baidu: search referral share2009: 0.01; 2025: 0.0100.010.020.030.040.052010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

DuckDuckGo: search referral share

1.46 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: DuckDuckGo: search referral share2009: 0; 2025: 1.4600.511.52010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

YANDEX RU: search referral share

0 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Germany: YANDEX RU: search referral share2009: 0.04; 2025: 000.050.10.150.22010201520202025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

Source: Statcounter GlobalStats: referral shares

TikTok: monthly recipients, DSA H1 2025

25.7 million recipients latest value, 2025

Germany: TikTok: monthly recipients, DSA H1 20252025: 25.7; 2025: 25.7010203020202025

TikTok DSA report for January–June 2025 (15 April 2026 version), Annex H, pp.26–27. Average monthly active recipients in each of the 27 EU member states, rounded to 100,000 (expressed here in millions). A recipient may access from several countries: country values are not summed as unique people. Provider DSA estimate, not a survey, daily audience, population percentage or count of all residents. The annual chart point represents only H1 2025; other services and periods have their own definitions.

Source: TikTok: DSA Transparency Report, January–June 2025

At least basic digital skills: low education, ages 16–74

35.43 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: At least basic digital skills: low education, ages 16–742021: 28.62; 2025: 35.4301020304020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

At least basic digital skills: high education, ages 16–74

77.37 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: At least basic digital skills: high education, ages 16–742021: 69.97; 2025: 77.3702040608020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Above basic digital skills: ages 16–74

24.21 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Above basic digital skills: ages 16–742021: 18.84; 2025: 24.21051015202520202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

At least basic digital skills: ages 16–74

59.55 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: At least basic digital skills: ages 16–742021: 48.92; 2025: 59.55020406020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Communication: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–74

93.06 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Communication: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–742021: 86.85; 2025: 93.0602040608010020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Content creation: at least basic skills: ages 16–74

73.01 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Content creation: at least basic skills: ages 16–742021: 64.75; 2025: 73.0102040608020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Information literacy: at least basic skills: ages 16–74

87.86 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Information literacy: at least basic skills: ages 16–742021: 77.11; 2025: 87.8602040608010020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Problem solving: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–74

88.64 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Problem solving: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–742021: 82.19; 2025: 88.6402040608010020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Safety: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–74

73.22 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Safety: at least basic digital skills: ages 16–742021: 68.53; 2025: 73.2202040608020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

At least basic digital skills: ages 16–24

62.34 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: At least basic digital skills: ages 16–242021: 57.68; 2025: 62.3402040608020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

At least basic digital skills: ages 65–74

41.16 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: At least basic digital skills: ages 65–742021: 27.92; 2025: 41.160102030405020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Generative AI use: low education, ages 16–74

24.45 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI use: low education, ages 16–742025: 24.45; 2025: 24.45051015202520202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Generative AI use: high education, ages 16–74

45.97 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI use: high education, ages 16–742025: 45.97; 2025: 45.970102030405020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Generative AI use: ages 16–24

52.65 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI use: ages 16–242025: 52.65; 2025: 52.65020406020202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Generative AI use: ages 65–74

7.5 % of individuals in the stated group latest value, 2025

Germany: Generative AI use: ages 65–742025: 7.5; 2025: 7.50246820202025

Eurostat survey of individuals aged 16–74; percent of everyone in the stated group, not only internet users. Survey year. DSI 2.0 is a proxy based on reported activities in five areas, not an examination; at least basic overall skills require at least basic skills in all five areas. Education: ISCED 0–2, 3–4, 5–8. Other group characteristics are not controlled. AI use refers to the last three months; purposes can overlap. Source flags and missing values retained; groups and components must not be added.

Source: Eurostat: digital skills and AI by population group

Snapchat: monthly recipients, H1 2026

19.49 million monthly recipients latest value, 2026

Germany: Snapchat: monthly recipients, H1 20262026: 19.49; 2026: 19.490510152020202025

Snap DSA: average monthly active recipients in January–June 2026, provider estimates. Not daily users, population penetration or advertising reach. Source unit: recipients; displayed in millions. The annual CSV rounds to four decimals; the typed dataset retains the original count. The EU total is separately reported; country values are not added. Snap warns in its H1 2025 report that calculations change and figures are not intended for comparison between periods. This is one snapshot, with no growth rate or comparison to other services’ audiences.

Source: Snapchat: DSA H1 2026

Energy

Electricity demand per person

6,144 kWh per person a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Electricity demand per person1985: 359; 2025: 6,14402,0004,0006,0008,0001990200020102020

Electricity demand (generation plus net imports, Ember) divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. A physical measure that is hard to dress up.

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Electricity demand growth

−0.3 % per year latest value, 2025

Germany: Electricity demand growth1986: 6.5; 2025: −0.3−50005001,0001,5001990200020102020

Change in electricity demand from the previous year (Ember). Useful to set against official GDP growth.

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Wind and solar share of electricity

44.7 % of generation latest value, 2025

Germany: Wind and solar share of electricity1990: 0; 2025: 44.70102030405019901995200020052010201520202025

Share of wind and solar power in electricity generation (Ember).

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Low-carbon share of electricity

58.5 % of generation latest value, 2025

Germany: Low-carbon share of electricity1990: 31.6; 2025: 58.5020406019901995200020052010201520202025

Share of renewables and nuclear power in electricity generation (Ember).

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Coal share of electricity

21 % of generation latest value, 2025

Germany: Coal share of electricity1990: 57.2; 2025: 21020406019901995200020052010201520202025

Share of coal power in electricity generation (Ember).

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Carbon intensity of electricity

334 g CO2e per kWh latest value, 2025

Germany: Carbon intensity of electricity1985: 431; 2025: 33402004006008001990200020102020

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation per kilowatt-hour (Ember).

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Electricity generation

497 TWh per year latest value, 2025

Germany: Electricity generation1985: 28; 2025: 49702004006008001990200020102020

Total electricity generation in the country (Ember). Imports are excluded. A volume, not the share of a fuel.

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Electricity generation emissions

166.1 Mt CO2e per year latest value, 2025

Germany: Electricity generation emissions1985: 12.1; 2025: 166.101002003004001990200020102020

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation (Ember), not of the whole economy.

Source: Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

Security

Military expenditure

1.9 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: Military expenditure1960: 3.8; 2024: 1.90123451960197019801990200020102020

Government military expenditure, percent of GDP (World Bank, from SIPRI).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators

Deaths in organised violence

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Deaths in organised violence1989: 3; 2025: 00510151990200020102020

Deaths in state-based conflict, non-state conflict and one-sided violence against civilians, by where the events took place (UCDP GED, best estimate). 0 means no organised violence above UCDP thresholds (25 deaths a year in one conflict). Events in Gaza and the West Bank are counted for Palestine.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Deaths in organised violence per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Deaths in organised violence per 100,0001989: 0; 2025: 000001990200020102020

Deaths in organised violence (UCDP GED) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Armed conflict in the country

0 0 none, 1 minor, 2 war latest value, 2025

Germany: Armed conflict in the country1946: 0; 2025: 00119501960197019801990200020102020

Strongest armed conflict of the year in which the government or territory of the country is disputed (UCDP/PRIO ACD): 1 = 25-999 battle-related deaths, 2 = war, 1,000 or more. In interstate conflicts every primary party is marked even if the fighting was elsewhere (the USA in Iraq, 2003). Historical states are mapped to present-day countries by territory (USSR, Yugoslavia, South Vietnam and others).

Source: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset 26.1

Battle deaths

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Battle deaths1946: 0; 2025: 001234519501960197019801990200020102020

Soldiers and civilians killed in combat in state-based armed conflicts on the territory of the country. 1946-1988: PRIO Battle Deaths (best estimate, else the low one; a conflict of several countries split equally); from 1989: UCDP GED by place of the events. For the same conflicts in 1989-2008 PRIO is 1.6 times UCDP, so the drop in 1989 is partly a change of source. One-sided violence against civilians is not included.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Battle deaths per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Battle deaths per 100,0001950: 0; 2025: 0000000019501960197019801990200020102020

Battle deaths on the territory of the country (PRIO to 1988, UCDP GED from 1989) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024), from 1950.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

0.9 per 100,000 people latest value, 2023

Germany: Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)1990: 1.2; 2023: 0.900.511.522.51990199520002005201020152020

An intentional homicide is defined as an unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.

Source: Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

Purchases and money

Average dietary energy requirement

2,527 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

Germany: Average dietary energy requirement2000: 2,542; 2025: 2,52701,0002,0003,000200020052010201520202025

FAOSTAT FS, Average dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

6.7 per 100,000 adults latest value, 2023

Germany: Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)2004: 21.3; 2023: 6.705101520252005201020152020

Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.

Source: Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

Variation in habitual caloric consumption distribution

0.2 No latest value, 2024

Germany: Variation in habitual caloric consumption distribution2001: 0.2; 2024: 0.200.050.10.150.20.252005201020152020

FAOSTAT FS, Coefficient of variation of habitual caloric consumption distribution (real number). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

98.3 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Germany: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)2011: 98.1; 2024: 98.302040608010020152020

Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

97.7 % of men aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Germany: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)2011: 97.5; 2024: 97.702040608010020152020

Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (male, % age 15+).

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

98.9 % of women aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Germany: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)2011: 98.7; 2024: 98.902040608010012020152020

Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (female, % age 15+).

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

Alcoholic beverages: energy supply

196.61 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Alcoholic beverages: energy supply2010: 228.46; 2023: 196.610100200300201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Alcoholic Beverages. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Alcoholic beverages: quantity supply

113.76 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Alcoholic beverages: quantity supply2010: 129.08; 2023: 113.76050100150201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Alcoholic Beverages. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: energy supply

1,177.43 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Animal products: energy supply2010: 1,123.28; 2023: 1,177.4305001,0001,500201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Animal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: fat supply

83.26 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Animal products: fat supply2010: 82.82; 2023: 83.26020406080100201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Animal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: protein supply

73.59 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Animal products: protein supply2010: 70.11; 2023: 73.59020406080201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Animal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: energy supply

47.31 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Bovine meat: energy supply2010: 45.48; 2023: 47.310204060201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Bovine Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: quantity supply

13.55 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Bovine meat: quantity supply2010: 12.93; 2023: 13.55051015201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Bovine Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: energy supply

732.39 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Cereals excluding beer: energy supply2010: 876.42; 2023: 732.3902004006008001,000201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Cereals - Excluding Beer. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: quantity supply

100.29 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Cereals excluding beer: quantity supply2010: 117.75; 2023: 100.29050100150201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Cereals - Excluding Beer. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: energy supply

4.75 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Coffee and products: energy supply2010: 2.87; 2023: 4.750246201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Coffee and products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: quantity supply

5.31 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Coffee and products: quantity supply2010: 5.98; 2023: 5.3102468201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Coffee and products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: energy supply

50.7 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Eggs: energy supply2010: 45.3; 2023: 50.70204060201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Eggs. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: quantity supply

15.9 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Eggs: quantity supply2010: 14.18; 2023: 15.905101520201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Eggs. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: energy supply

26.42 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Fish and seafood: energy supply2010: 27.7; 2023: 26.420102030201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: fat supply

1.13 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Fish and seafood: fat supply2010: 1.15; 2023: 1.1300.511.5201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: protein supply

3.88 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Fish and seafood: protein supply2010: 4.14; 2023: 3.88012345201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: quantity supply

12.98 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Fish and seafood: quantity supply2010: 14.6; 2023: 12.98051015201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: energy supply

122.25 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Fruits excluding wine: energy supply2010: 110.84; 2023: 122.25050100150201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fruits - Excluding Wine. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: quantity supply

86.68 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Fruits excluding wine: quantity supply2010: 77.41; 2023: 86.68020406080100201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Fruits - Excluding Wine. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: energy supply

291.6 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Meat: energy supply2010: 375.04; 2023: 291.60100200300400201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: fat supply

19.5 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Meat: fat supply2010: 25.33; 2023: 19.50102030201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: protein supply

28.92 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Meat: protein supply2010: 36.57; 2023: 28.92010203040201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: quantity supply

70.67 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Meat: quantity supply2010: 89.59; 2023: 70.67020406080100201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: energy supply

528.47 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Milk excluding butter: energy supply2010: 364.59; 2023: 528.470200400600201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: fat supply

29.15 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Milk excluding butter: fat supply2010: 19.52; 2023: 29.150102030201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: protein supply

34.41 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Milk excluding butter: protein supply2010: 24.35; 2023: 34.41010203040201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: quantity supply

226.58 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Milk excluding butter: quantity supply2010: 152.15; 2023: 226.58050100150200250201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: energy supply

56.74 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Treenuts: energy supply2010: 48.24; 2023: 56.74020406080201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Treenuts. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: quantity supply

24.77 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Treenuts: quantity supply2010: 19.43; 2023: 24.770102030201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Treenuts. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: energy supply

2,357.12 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetal products: energy supply2010: 2,495.02; 2023: 2,357.1201,0002,0003,000201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: fat supply

79.02 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetal products: fat supply2010: 66.08; 2023: 79.02020406080100201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: protein supply

35.63 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetal products: protein supply2010: 40.06; 2023: 35.6301020304050201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: energy supply

174.31 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Pigmeat: energy supply2010: 249.1; 2023: 174.31050100150200250201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Pigmeat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: quantity supply

38.67 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Pigmeat: quantity supply2010: 55.67; 2023: 38.670204060201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Pigmeat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: energy supply

61.72 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Poultry meat: energy supply2010: 67.09; 2023: 61.72020406080201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Poultry Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: quantity supply

16.77 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Poultry meat: quantity supply2010: 17.95; 2023: 16.7705101520201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Poultry Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: energy supply

6.74 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Pulses: energy supply2010: 6.77; 2023: 6.740246810201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Pulses. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: quantity supply

0.73 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Pulses: quantity supply2010: 0.75; 2023: 0.7300.511.5201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Pulses. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: energy supply

127.62 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Starchy roots: energy supply2010: 117.11; 2023: 127.62050100150201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Starchy Roots. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: quantity supply

71.67 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Starchy roots: quantity supply2010: 65.18; 2023: 71.67020406080201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Starchy Roots. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: energy supply

410.82 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Sugar and sweeteners: energy supply2010: 508.55; 2023: 410.820200400600201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Sugar & Sweeteners. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: quantity supply

41.23 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Sugar and sweeteners: quantity supply2010: 51.24; 2023: 41.230204060201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Sugar & Sweeteners. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: energy supply

0.03 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Tea including mate: energy supply2010: 0.18; 2023: 0.0300.10.20.30.4201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Tea (including mate). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: quantity supply

0.32 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Tea including mate: quantity supply2010: 0.41; 2023: 0.3200.20.40.60.8201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Tea (including mate). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: energy supply

3,534.54 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: All foods: energy supply2010: 3,618.31; 2023: 3,534.5401,0002,0003,0004,000201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Grand Total. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: fat supply

162.28 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: All foods: fat supply2010: 148.9; 2023: 162.28050100150200201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Grand Total. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: protein supply

109.22 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: All foods: protein supply2010: 110.18; 2023: 109.22050100150201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Grand Total. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: energy supply

569.7 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetable oils: energy supply2010: 452.37; 2023: 569.70200400600201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetable Oils. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: quantity supply

19.89 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetable oils: quantity supply2010: 14.71; 2023: 19.890510152025201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetable Oils. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: energy supply

74.52 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetables: energy supply2010: 67.32; 2023: 74.52020406080201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetables. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: quantity supply

175.76 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Germany: Vegetables: quantity supply2010: 162.04; 2023: 175.76050100150200201020152020

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetables. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Six or more online purchases in three months

26 % of people aged 16-74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Six or more online purchases in three months2020: 30.1; 2025: 2601020304020202025

ICT survey, all individuals aged 16-74, not only internet users or buyers. Reference window is defined by the selected Eurostat category; since 2020.

Source: Internet purchases by individuals (2020 onwards)

Healthy-diet animal-source food cost

0.66 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet animal-source food cost2021: 0.66; 2021: 0.6600.20.40.60.820152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of animal source foods. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cost of a healthy diet

4.35 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2025

Germany: Cost of a healthy diet2017: 2.64; 2025: 4.3501234520202025

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of a healthy diet (CoHD). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Healthy-diet fruit cost

0.89 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet fruit cost2021: 0.89; 2021: 0.8900.20.40.60.8120152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of fruits. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Healthy-diet legumes and nuts cost

0.32 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet legumes and nuts cost2021: 0.32; 2021: 0.3200.10.20.30.420152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of legumes, nuts and seeds. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Healthy-diet oils and fats cost

0.07 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet oils and fats cost2021: 0.07; 2021: 0.0700.020.040.060.0820152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of oils and fats. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Healthy-diet starchy-staple cost

0.3 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet starchy-staple cost2021: 0.3; 2021: 0.300.10.20.320152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of starchy staples. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Unable to afford a healthy diet

5.3 % latest value, 2025

Germany: Unable to afford a healthy diet2017: 2.8; 2025: 5.3024620202025

FAOSTAT CAHD, Prevalence of unaffordability (PUA). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

People unable to afford a healthy diet

4.5 million No latest value, 2025

Germany: People unable to afford a healthy diet2017: 2.3; 2025: 4.501234520202025

FAOSTAT CAHD, Number of people unable to afford a healthy diet (NUA). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Healthy-diet vegetable cost

0.86 Int$ (PPP) per person per day latest value, 2021

Germany: Healthy-diet vegetable cost2021: 0.86; 2021: 0.8600.20.40.60.8120152020

FAOSTAT CAHD, Cost of vegetables. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

53.2 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)1970: 55; 2025: 53.20204060197019801990200020102020

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

24,108 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2025

Germany: Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)1970: 10,075.8; 2025: 24,10805,00010,00015,00020,00025,000197019801990200020102020

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

Income share held by lowest 20%

6.9 % of income or consumption latest value, 2022

Germany: Income share held by lowest 20%1991: 8.8; 2022: 6.90246810199520002005201020152020

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Income share held by lowest 20%

Gini index

33.7 index, 0-100 latest value, 2022

Germany: Gini index1991: 29.3; 2022: 33.7010203040199520002005201020152020

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

Source: Gini index

Income share held by highest 20%

40.9 % of income or consumption latest value, 2022

Germany: Income share held by highest 20%1991: 38.1; 2022: 40.901020304050199520002005201020152020

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Source: Income share held by highest 20%

Minimum dietary energy requirement

1,944 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

Germany: Minimum dietary energy requirement2000: 1,957; 2025: 1,94405001,0001,5002,000200020052010201520202025

FAOSTAT FS, Minimum dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

10.7 % of gross national income latest value, 2021

Germany: Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)1971: 13; 2021: 10.705101519801990200020102020

Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Source: Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

Never bought online

9.7 % of people aged 16-74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Never bought online2020: 8.6; 2025: 9.705101520202025

ICT survey, all individuals aged 16-74, not only internet users or buyers. Reference window is defined by the selected Eurostat category; since 2020.

Source: Internet purchases by individuals (2020 onwards)

Online purchase in the last year

81.4 % of people aged 16-74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online purchase in the last year2020: 82.6; 2025: 81.402040608010020202025

ICT survey, all individuals aged 16-74, not only internet users or buyers. Reference window is defined by the selected Eurostat category; since 2020.

Source: Internet purchases by individuals (2020 onwards)

Online purchase in the last three months

70.4 % of people aged 16-74 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online purchase in the last three months2020: 75; 2025: 70.402040608020202025

ICT survey, all individuals aged 16-74, not only internet users or buyers. Reference window is defined by the selected Eurostat category; since 2020.

Source: Internet purchases by individuals (2020 onwards)

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

0.7 % of population, 2021 PPP latest value, 2022

Germany: Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)1991: 0.1; 2022: 0.700.20.40.60.8199520002005201020152020

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Source: Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

At risk of poverty or social exclusion

21.2 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: At risk of poverty or social exclusion2015: 20; 2025: 21.20510152025201520202025

Europe 2030 AROPE: at-risk-of-poverty, severe material/social deprivation or very low work intensity, EU-SILC. Not the sum of three rates.

Source: Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex

Caloric losses at retail distribution

1.74 % latest value, 2025

Germany: Caloric losses at retail distribution2000: 1.95; 2025: 1.7400.511.52200020052010201520202025

FAOSTAT FS, Incidence of caloric losses at retail distribution level (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Health

Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

11.8 litres per person aged 15+ latest value, 2020

Germany: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)2000: 13.8; 2020: 11.805101520002005201020152020

Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.

Source: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

Anaemia among women aged 15–49

14 % latest value, 2023

Germany: Anaemia among women aged 15–492000: 9; 2023: 1405101520002005201020152020

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Overweight among children under 5

3.3 % latest value, 2024

Germany: Overweight among children under 52000: 4; 2024: 3.301234520002005201020152020

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are overweight (modelled estimates) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

1.3 % of children under 5 latest value, 2016

Germany: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)2004: 1.2; 2016: 1.300.511.5200520102015

Prevalence of stunting is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.

Source: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

Wasting among children under 5

0.5 % latest value, 2016

Germany: Wasting among children under 52004: 1; 2016: 0.500.20.40.60.811.2200520102015

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years affected by wasting (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

COVID economic support index

95.2 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Germany: COVID economic support index2020: 35.8; 2022: 95.20204060801002020

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID containment and health index

42.8 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Germany: COVID containment and health index2020: 50.8; 2022: 42.80204060802020

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID government response

49.4 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Germany: COVID government response2020: 48.9; 2022: 49.40204060802020

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID policy stringency

19.1 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Germany: COVID policy stringency2020: 51.8; 2022: 19.10204060802020

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

Reported COVID-19 cases

94 by report dates in year latest value, 2025

Germany: Reported COVID-19 cases2020: 1,660,178; 2025: 94010,000,00020,000,00030,000,00040,000,00020202025

Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Reported COVID-19 deaths

48,046 by report dates in year latest value, 2022

Germany: Reported COVID-19 deaths2021: 70,683; 2022: 48,046020,00040,00060,00080,0002020

Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

7.8 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024

Germany: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)2011: 5.3; 2024: 7.80246820152020

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.

Source: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

4.1 % of population latest value, 2023

Germany: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)2015: 4.1; 2023: 4.101234520152020

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. A household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

1.2 % of population latest value, 2023

Germany: Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)2015: 1; 2023: 1.200.511.5220152020

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as severely food insecure. A household is classified as severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to several of the most severe experiences described in the FIES questions, such as to have been forced to reduce the quantity of the food, to have skipped meals, having gone hungry, or having to go for a whole day without eating because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

10.7 % of current health expenditure latest value, 2024

Germany: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)2000: 11.8; 2024: 10.705101520002005201020152020

Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.

Source: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

12.3 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)2000: 9.8; 2024: 12.305101520002005201020152020

Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

Source: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

6,849.3 current US dollars latest value, 2024

Germany: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)2000: 2,336.4; 2024: 6,849.302,0004,0006,0008,00020002005201020152020

Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.

Source: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Healthy life years at age 65, men

8.3 years latest value, 2024

Germany: Healthy life years at age 65, men2005: 6.4; 2024: 8.30510152005201020152020

Expected years without activity limitation, EU-SILC/Eurostat, combining mortality and self-reported limitation. Different from IHME healthy life years.

Source: Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards)

Healthy life years at age 65, women

8.8 years latest value, 2024

Germany: Healthy life years at age 65, women2005: 5.9; 2024: 8.80510152005201020152020

Expected years without activity limitation, EU-SILC/Eurostat, combining mortality and self-reported limitation. Different from IHME healthy life years.

Source: Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards)

Healthy life years at birth, men

62.1 years latest value, 2024

Germany: Healthy life years at birth, men2005: 54.5; 2024: 62.10204060802005201020152020

Expected years without activity limitation, EU-SILC/Eurostat, combining mortality and self-reported limitation. Different from IHME healthy life years.

Source: Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards)

Healthy life years at birth, women

62.6 years latest value, 2024

Germany: Healthy life years at birth, women2005: 54.8; 2024: 62.60204060802005201020152020

Expected years without activity limitation, EU-SILC/Eurostat, combining mortality and self-reported limitation. Different from IHME healthy life years.

Source: Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards)

Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

0.2 % of people aged 15-49 latest value, 2024

Germany: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)2010: 0.1; 2024: 0.200.10.10.20.20.3201020152020

Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.

Source: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

7.6 per 1,000 people latest value, 2023

Germany: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)1960: 10.5; 2023: 7.60510151960197019801990200020102020

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.

Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Low birthweight

6.7 % latest value, 2020

Germany: Low birthweight2000: 6.8; 2020: 6.70246820002005201020152020

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of low birthweight (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

12.3 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Germany: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)2000: 8.8; 2022: 12.305101520002005201020152020

Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.

Source: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

Obesity among adults aged 18+

20.6 % latest value, 2024

Germany: Obesity among adults aged 18+2000: 17.9; 2024: 20.6051015202520002005201020152020

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of obesity in the adult population (18 years and older) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

4.5 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Germany: Physicians (per 1,000 people)1991: 2.7; 2022: 4.5012345199520002005201020152020

Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.

Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

3.8 per 100,000 people latest value, 2019

Germany: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)2000: 9.6; 2019: 3.802468102000200520102015

Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.

Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

Bad or very bad self-rated health

10.8 % of people aged 16+ in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Bad or very bad self-rated health2005: 9.4; 2025: 10.805101520052010201520202025

Self-rated bad or very bad health, EU-SILC, both sexes aged 16+. Not a medical diagnosis.

Source: Self-perceived health by sex, age and income quintile

Bad or very bad self-rated health in the highest income quintile

4.4 % of people aged 16+ in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Bad or very bad self-rated health in the highest income quintile2005: 5.8; 2025: 4.4024620052010201520202025

Self-rated bad or very bad health, EU-SILC, both sexes aged 16+. Not a medical diagnosis.

Source: Self-perceived health by sex, age and income quintile

Bad or very bad self-rated health in the lowest income quintile

20 % of people aged 16+ in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Bad or very bad self-rated health in the lowest income quintile2005: 15.4; 2025: 20051015202520052010201520202025

Self-rated bad or very bad health, EU-SILC, both sexes aged 16+. Not a medical diagnosis.

Source: Self-perceived health by sex, age and income quintile

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

12.9 per 100,000 people latest value, 2021

Germany: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)2000: 14.4; 2021: 12.905101520002005201020152020

Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population. Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).

Source: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

22 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)2000: 34.9; 2024: 2201020304020002005201020152020

The percentage of the population ages 15 years and over who currently use any tobacco product (smoked and/or smokeless tobacco) on a daily or non-daily basis. Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, cigarillos, waterpipes (hookah, shisha), bidis, kretek, heated tobacco products, and all forms of smokeless (oral and nasal) tobacco. Tobacco products exclude e-cigarettes (which do not contain tobacco), “e-cigars”, “e-hookahs”, JUUL and “e-pipes”. The rates are age-standardized to the WHO Standard Population.

Source: Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

5.4 per 100,000 people latest value, 2024

Germany: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)2000: 12; 2024: 5.405101520002005201020152020

Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.

Source: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

2.5 % of population latest value, 2023

Germany: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)2001: 2.5; 2023: 2.500.511.522.532005201020152020

Prevalence of undernourishment is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.

Source: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Unmet medical examination needs in the highest income quintile

0.8 % of people aged 16+ in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Unmet medical examination needs in the highest income quintile2008: 1; 2025: 0.800.20.40.60.811.22010201520202025

Self-reported unmet medical examination needs due to cost, distance or waiting lists, EU-SILC, age 16+. Source flags and questionnaire changes are preserved; do not add reasons.

Source: Self-reported unmet needs for medical examination by sex, age, main reason declared and income quintile

Unmet medical examination needs in the lowest income quintile

1.3 % of people aged 16+ in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Unmet medical examination needs in the lowest income quintile2008: 5.6; 2025: 1.302462010201520202025

Self-reported unmet medical examination needs due to cost, distance or waiting lists, EU-SILC, age 16+. Source flags and questionnaire changes are preserved; do not add reasons.

Source: Self-reported unmet needs for medical examination by sex, age, main reason declared and income quintile

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

89 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Germany: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)1981: 95; 2024: 890204060801001990200020102020

Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

96 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Germany: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)1980: 25; 2024: 9602040608010019801990200020102020

Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Culture and time

Financial barrier: Live performance attendance in the last year

20.9 % of non-participants latest value, 2015

Germany: Financial barrier: Live performance attendance in the last year2015: 20.9; 2015: 20.9051015202520102015

Financial reason among non-participants in the specified cultural or sports activity, EU-SILC, age 16+. Not a share of all residents.

Source: Persons not participating in cultural or sport activities in the last 12 months by sex, age, educational attainment, activity type and reasons

International tourism, receipts (current US$)

58,372,000,000 current US dollars latest value, 2019

Germany: International tourism, receipts (current US$)1995: 24,053,000,000; 2019: 58,372,000,000020,000,000,00040,000,000,00060,000,000,00019952000200520102015

International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: International tourism, receipts (current US$)

International tourism, number of arrivals

12,449,000 arrivals per year latest value, 2020

Germany: International tourism, number of arrivals1995: 14,847,000; 2020: 12,449,000010,000,00020,000,00030,000,00040,000,000199520002005201020152020

International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.

Source: International tourism, number of arrivals

Land and housing

Agricultural land (% of land area)

47.5 % of land area latest value, 2023

Germany: Agricultural land (% of land area)1961: 55.5; 2023: 47.50204060197019801990200020102020

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Source: Agricultural land (% of land area)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)

59,655.7 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2025

Germany: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)1991: 21,380; 2025: 59,655.7020,00040,00060,0001995200020052010201520202025

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing corresponds to ISIC (Rev. 4) divisions 01-03 and includes the exploitation of vegetal and animal natural resources, comprising the activities of growing of crops, raising and breeding of animals, harvesting of timber and other plants, animals or animal products from a farm or their natural habitats.Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)

Land used for aquaculture

0.01 1000 ha latest value, 2024

Germany: Land used for aquaculture2020: 0.01; 2024: 0.010000.010.010.010.012020

FAOSTAT RL, Land used for aquaculture. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Arable land (% of land area)

33.4 % of land area latest value, 2023

Germany: Arable land (% of land area)1961: 35; 2023: 33.4010203040197019801990200020102020

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Arable land (% of land area)

Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

7,007.3 kg per hectare latest value, 2023

Germany: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)1961: 2,417.4; 2023: 7,007.302,0004,0006,0008,00010,000197019801990200020102020

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Source: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Certified organic agricultural land

1,705.5 1000 ha latest value, 2023

Germany: Certified organic agricultural land2023: 1,705.5; 2023: 1,705.505001,0001,5002,0002020

FAOSTAT RL, Agriculture area certified organic. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Farm buildings and farmyards

4 1000 ha latest value, 2018

Germany: Farm buildings and farmyards2014: 4; 2018: 40123452015

FAOSTAT RL, Farm buildings and Farmyards. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Housing cost overburden

11.2 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Housing cost overburden2010: 14.5; 2025: 11.2051015202010201520202025

People in households with housing costs exceeding 40% of disposable income, EU-SILC; all ages and sexes.

Source: Housing cost overburden rate by age, sex and poverty status

Actually irrigated agricultural land

554 1000 ha latest value, 2024

Germany: Actually irrigated agricultural land2006: 234.6; 2024: 5540200400600201020152020

FAOSTAT RL, Agriculture area actually irrigated. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Land equipped for irrigation

791.8 1000 ha latest value, 2024

Germany: Land equipped for irrigation1961: 321; 2024: 791.80200400600800197019801990200020102020

FAOSTAT RL, Land area equipped for irrigation. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Age of leaving the parental household

24.1 years, estimate latest value, 2025

Germany: Age of leaving the parental household2000: 24.1; 2025: 24.10510152025200020052010201520202025

Estimated mean age of leaving the parental household under the Eurostat method, both sexes. Not the mean age of observed moves during the year.

Source: Estimated average age of young persons leaving the parental household

Cropland under zero or no tillage

150.6 1000 ha latest value, 2024

Germany: Cropland under zero or no tillage2016: 93.9; 2024: 150.60501001502002020

FAOSTAT RL, Cropland area under zero or no tillage. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Planted forest

5,740.7 1000 ha latest value, 2025

Germany: Planted forest1990: 5,650; 2025: 5,740.702,0004,0006,00019901995200020052010201520202025

FAOSTAT RL, Planted Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Primary forest

0 1000 ha latest value, 2025

Germany: Primary forest1990: 0; 2025: 00119901995200020052010201520202025

FAOSTAT RL, Primary Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Everyday environment

Air transport, passengers carried

80,199,572 passengers per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Air transport, passengers carried1970: 6,498,000; 2023: 80,199,572050,000,000100,000,000150,000,000197019801990200020102020

Air carrier data per country refers to passengers carried by airlines registered in that country regardless of the origin or destination of the passengers.

Source: Air transport, passengers carried

Unable to keep home adequately warm

5.7 % of population in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Unable to keep home adequately warm2005: 4.6; 2025: 5.7024681020052010201520202025

Self-reported inability to keep home adequately warm, EU-SILC. The at-risk group has income below 60% of the national median.

Source: Inability to keep home adequately warm

Unable to keep home adequately warm (at risk of poverty)

12.6 % of population in group latest value, 2025

Germany: Unable to keep home adequately warm (at risk of poverty)2005: 13.7; 2025: 12.60510152020052010201520202025

Self-reported inability to keep home adequately warm, EU-SILC. The at-risk group has income below 60% of the national median.

Source: Inability to keep home adequately warm

Access to electricity (% of population)

100 % of population latest value, 2024

Germany: Access to electricity (% of population)1990: 100; 2024: 1000204060801001201990199520002005201020152020

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Source: Access to electricity (% of population)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

128.6 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2023

Germany: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)1961: 268.1; 2023: 128.60100200300400500197019801990200020102020

Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Forest area (% of land area)

32.7 % of land area latest value, 2023

Germany: Forest area (% of land area)1990: 32.4; 2023: 32.70102030401990199520002005201020152020

Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Source: Forest area (% of land area)

Household electricity price

0.39 euro per kWh, mean of both half-years latest value, 2025

Germany: Household electricity price2007: 0.21; 2025: 0.3900.10.20.30.40.52010201520202025

Arithmetic mean of both half-year prices including taxes in the selected Eurostat consumption band. Partial years excluded; not a sales-weighted annual price.

Source: Electricity prices for household consumers - bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards)

Household gas price

0.12 euro per kWh, mean of both half-years latest value, 2025

Germany: Household gas price2008: 0.07; 2025: 0.1200.050.10.152010201520202025

Arithmetic mean of both half-year prices including taxes in the selected Eurostat consumption band. Partial years excluded; not a sales-weighted annual price.

Source: Gas prices for household consumers - bi-annual data

Land temperature anomaly

2.11 °C latest value, 2025

Germany: Land temperature anomaly1961: 0.99; 2025: 2.1101234197019801990200020102020

FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Municipal waste generated

628 kg per inhabitant latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste generated1995: 623; 2024: 6280200400600800199520002005201020152020

Municipal waste by treatment operation, Eurostat, kg per inhabitant. National scope of municipal waste differs.

Source: Municipal waste by waste management operations

Municipal waste landfilled

10 kg per inhabitant latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste landfilled1995: 267; 2024: 100100200300199520002005201020152020

Municipal waste by treatment operation, Eurostat, kg per inhabitant. National scope of municipal waste differs.

Source: Municipal waste by waste management operations

Municipal waste recycled

420 kg per inhabitant latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste recycled1995: 246; 2024: 4200100200300400500199520002005201020152020

Municipal waste by treatment operation, Eurostat, kg per inhabitant. National scope of municipal waste differs.

Source: Municipal waste by waste management operations

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

8.8 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023

Germany: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)1990: 22.4; 2023: 8.805101520251990199520002005201020152020

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

58,822 million passenger-km latest value, 2020

Germany: Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)1995: 70,977; 2020: 58,822050,000100,000150,000199520002005201020152020

Passengers carried by railway are the number of passengers transported by rail multiplied by kilometers traveled.

Source: Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

99.9 % of population latest value, 2024

Germany: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)2000: 99.8; 2024: 99.902040608010020002005201020152020

The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.

Source: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

96.8 % of population latest value, 2024

Germany: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)2000: 96.1; 2024: 96.802040608010020002005201020152020

The percentage of people using improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines: ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.

Source: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

35.4 % of available freshwater resources latest value, 2022

Germany: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources1991: 63.4; 2022: 35.4020406080199520002005201020152020

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Source: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

Work and skills

Children out of school (% of primary school age)

0.3 % of primary-school-age children latest value, 2024

Germany: Children out of school (% of primary school age)2001: 0.5; 2024: 0.300.511.522.52005201020152020

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Source: Children out of school (% of primary school age)

Early leavers from education and training

13.1 % of people aged 18-24 latest value, 2025

Germany: Early leavers from education and training1996: 13.3; 2025: 13.1051015200020052010201520202025

People aged 18-24 with at most lower secondary education and no recent education/training, Eurostat LFS.

Source: Early leavers from education and training by labour status

Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

5.2 % of GDP latest value, 2022

Germany: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)1993: 4.4; 2022: 5.20246199520002005201020152020

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Source: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

58.3 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)1991: 56.4; 2025: 58.302040601995200020052010201520202025

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed.

Source: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

60.6 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Germany: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)1990: 58.2; 2025: 60.602040608019901995200020052010201520202025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Source: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

Learning poverty: Share of Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)

15.4 % of children of end-of-primary age latest value, 2021

Germany: Learning poverty: Share of Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)2001: 12.3; 2021: 15.4051015202005201020152020

The share of 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a short passage of age-appropriate material—in other words, those who are below the “minimum proficiency” threshold for reading. This measure is defined as the union of two deprivations: 1) schooling deprivation and 2) learning deprivation. A child is considered schooling-deprived (SD) if he or she is of primary school age and out-of-school. The dimension of learning deprivation (LD) applies only for children in school, and identifies those pupils who are below the minimum proficiency level (MPL) for reading, as defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), measured in standard learning assessments, and reported in the context of the SDG 4.1.1b monitoring. This “union approach” to measurement reflects the choice that, as presented in the SDGs, all age 10 children must be both in school and learning. The final learning poverty measure combines the two dimensions in a single indicator using the following formula: LP = SD + [(1-SD) x LD]

Source: Learning poverty: Share of Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)

New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

1.4 per 1,000 people aged 15-64 latest value, 2024

Germany: New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)2006: 1.2; 2024: 1.400.511.52201020152020

The number of newly registered firms with limited liability per 1,000 working-age people (ages 15-64) per calendar year.

Source: New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

Part-time employment

29.4 % of employed people aged 15-64 latest value, 2025

Germany: Part-time employment2009: 25.6; 2025: 29.401020302010201520202025

Employed people aged 15-64 working part-time as a share of employment, Eurostat LFS, both sexes.

Source: Part-time employment and temporary contracts - annual data

Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

96.8 % of relevant age group latest value, 2024

Germany: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)2001: 107.1; 2024: 96.80501001502005201020152020

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Source: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

4.3 % of employment latest value, 2025

Germany: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)1991: 6.7; 2025: 4.3024681995200020052010201520202025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Source: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Actual weekly hours worked

33.2 hours latest value, 2025

Germany: Actual weekly hours worked2008: 35.9; 2025: 33.20102030402010201520202025

Mean actual hours in the main job among those who worked in the reference week, age 15+, both sexes and all employment types/industries, Eurostat LFS. Full-week absentees excluded.

Source: Average actual weekly hours worked in the main job of persons who worked in this job during the reference week by professional status, full-time/part-time employment and economic activity (NACE Rev. 2) (2008-2026)

Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)

7.6 % of youth aged 15-24 latest value, 2024

Germany: Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)1983: 8.3; 2024: 7.60510151990200020102020

The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive).

Source: Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)

Science, space and technology

GitHub developer accounts at year end

4,858,805 accounts latest value, 2025

Germany: GitHub developer accounts at year end2020: 1,631,022; 2025: 4,858,80501,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,00020202025

Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

GitHub git pushes

31,282,365 git pushes latest value, 2025

Germany: GitHub git pushes2020: 15,598,277; 2025: 31,282,365010,000,00020,000,00030,000,00040,000,00020202025

Sum of all four published quarters of git pushes. One push may include multiple commits. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

GitHub organizations at year end

270,133 organizations latest value, 2025

Germany: GitHub organizations at year end2020: 105,347; 2025: 270,1330100,000200,000300,00020202025

Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

GitHub repositories at year end

9,976,837 repositories latest value, 2025

Germany: GitHub repositories at year end2020: 4,053,857; 2025: 9,976,83702,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,00010,000,00020202025

Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)

18 % of manufactured exports latest value, 2024

Germany: High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)2007: 15.5; 2024: 1805101520201020152020

High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.

Source: High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

3.2 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Germany: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)1996: 2.1; 2023: 3.20123420002005201020152020

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

R&D expenditure per inhabitant

1,642.3 euro per inhabitant latest value, 2024

Germany: R&D expenditure per inhabitant1981: 245; 2024: 1,642.305001,0001,5002,0001990200020102020

Gross domestic R&D expenditure, all sectors, current euro per inhabitant, Eurostat. Exchange-rate and inflation changes remain.

Source: GERD by sector of performance

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

5,926.1 full-time equivalents per million people latest value, 2023

Germany: Researchers in R&D (per million people)1996: 2,801.6; 2023: 5,926.102,0004,0006,00020002005201020152020

The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: Researchers in R&D (per million people)

Patent applications, residents

39,822 applications per year latest value, 2021

Germany: Patent applications, residents1980: 28,683; 2021: 39,822020,00040,00060,00019801990200020102020

Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.

Source: Patent applications, residents

Business R&D, % of GDP

2.14 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: Business R&D, % of GDP1981: 1.62; 2024: 2.1400.511.522.51990200020102020

BERD — R&D performed by businesses, as a share of GDP. It is part of GERD; the rest is performed by government institutes, universities and non-profits. Counted by who performs the work, not by who pays for it. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Government-sector R&D, % of GDP

0.37 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: Government-sector R&D, % of GDP1981: 0.32; 2024: 0.3700.10.20.30.40.51990200020102020

GOVERD — R&D performed by government research bodies (excluding universities), as a share of GDP. Part of GERD; counted by performer, not by source of funds. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

University R&D, % of GDP

0.55 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: University R&D, % of GDP1981: 0.4; 2024: 0.5500.20.40.61990200020102020

HERD — R&D performed by universities and other higher-education institutions, as a share of GDP. Part of GERD; counted by performer, not by source of funds. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

R&D funded by business

62.6 % of GERD latest value, 2023

Germany: R&D funded by business1981: 56.8; 2023: 62.60204060801990200020102020

Share of all domestic R&D spending (GERD) paid for by businesses, whoever performed the work. GERD is all R&D performed in the country, whoever performs it: businesses, government institutes, universities and non-profits (Frascati Manual). OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

R&D funded by government

29.8 % of GERD latest value, 2023

Germany: R&D funded by government1981: 41.8; 2023: 29.8010203040501990200020102020

Share of all domestic R&D spending (GERD) paid for by government, including public money for universities. GERD is all R&D performed in the country, whoever performs it: businesses, government institutes, universities and non-profits (Frascati Manual). OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

R&D funded from abroad

7.3 % of GERD latest value, 2023

Germany: R&D funded from abroad1981: 1; 2023: 7.3024681990200020102020

Share of domestic R&D spending (GERD) paid for from abroad: foreign companies, international organisations, EU programmes. GERD is all R&D performed in the country, whoever performs it: businesses, government institutes, universities and non-profits (Frascati Manual). OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

R&D spending, billion dollars

159.5 billion USD PPP, 2020 prices latest value, 2024

Germany: R&D spending, billion dollars1981: 54.7; 2024: 159.50501001502001990200020102020

All domestic R&D spending (GERD) in billions of US dollars at purchasing power parity, constant 2020 prices, so years compare without inflation. GERD is all R&D performed in the country, whoever performs it: businesses, government institutes, universities and non-profits (Frascati Manual). OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Researchers per 1,000 employed

11.2 per 1,000 employed, FTE latest value, 2024

Germany: Researchers per 1,000 employed1981: 4.7; 2024: 11.20510151990200020102020

Researchers in full-time equivalents (FTE: two half-timers count as one) per 1,000 people employed. Researchers only, excluding technicians and support staff; not a headcount. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Researchers, thousands

513.1 thousand full-time equivalents latest value, 2024

Germany: Researchers, thousands1981: 128.2; 2024: 513.102004006001990200020102020

Researchers in all sectors in full-time equivalents (two half-timers count as one), thousands. Excludes technicians and support staff; the headcount is usually larger. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Government R&D budget, billion dollars

52.9 billion USD PPP, 2020 prices latest value, 2024

Germany: Government R&D budget, billion dollars1981: 25.6; 2024: 52.902040601990200020102020

GBARD — R&D appropriations in the central government budget, billions of US dollars at PPP, 2020 prices. A budget, not GERD spending: it includes money spent abroad and given to international organisations, and excludes business money. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Defence share of government R&D budget

7.6 % of GBARD latest value, 2024

Germany: Defence share of government R&D budget1981: 8.9; 2024: 7.60510151990200020102020

Share of government R&D appropriations (GBARD) earmarked for defence. GBARD is a budget, not actual spending. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Space share of civil government R&D budget

4.5 % of civil GBARD latest value, 2024

Germany: Space share of civil government R&D budget1981: 4.5; 2024: 4.5024681990200020102020

Share of civil government R&D appropriations (GBARD excluding defence) for space exploration and exploitation. Military space is not included. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Triadic patent families

4,105 families per year latest value, 2023

Germany: Triadic patent families1985: 3,628; 2023: 4,10502,0004,0006,0008,0001990200020102020

Inventions filed at all three of the European, Japanese and US patent offices, by inventors' country and priority year, fractionally counted across co-inventing countries. Applications, not grants; counts inventions, not individual filings. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Government R&D budget, % of GDP

1.04 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Germany: Government R&D budget, % of GDP1981: 1.1; 2024: 1.0400.511.51990200020102020

GBARD — central government R&D appropriations as a share of GDP, both in national currency at current prices from the same OECD table. A budget, not GERD spending; business money is not included. OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators.

Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI)

Business R&D per inhabitant

1,108.5 euro per inhabitant latest value, 2024

Germany: Business R&D per inhabitant1981: 169; 2024: 1,108.505001,0001,5001990200020102020

R&D performed by businesses (BERD), euros at current prices per inhabitant. Counted by who performs the work, not by who pays. Eurostat, rd_e_gerdtot (sector BES).

Source: Eurostat research and development statistics

Researchers, thousand people

742.8 thousand people latest value, 2023

Germany: Researchers, thousand people2003: 397.1; 2023: 742.802004006008002005201020152020

Number of people working as researchers in all sectors — each person counts once, however many hours they spend on research (headcount). Hence larger than full-time equivalents (researchers_fte). Eurostat, rd_p_persocc.

Source: Eurostat research and development statistics

Women among researchers

29.6 % of researchers latest value, 2023

Germany: Women among researchers2003: 19.5; 2023: 29.601020302005201020152020

Share of women among researchers in all sectors (business, government, higher education, non-profit), by headcount: each person counts once, however many hours they spend on research. Not the share among paper authors or inventors. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), indicator FRESP.THC.

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS): science, technology and innovation

Patent applications by origin, worldwide

133,790 applications per year latest value, 2024

Germany: Patent applications by origin, worldwide1980: 29,007; 2024: 133,790050,000100,000150,000200,00019801990200020102020

All applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at any patent office worldwide — at home and abroad (direct filings and PCT national phase entries). Country = first applicant's address (origin), not the filing office. Applications, not grants; one invention filed in five countries counts five times. Residents' filings at their own office are a separate series, resident_patent_applications. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

Patent applications abroad by origin

68,683 applications per year latest value, 2024

Germany: Patent applications abroad by origin1980: 324; 2024: 68,683020,00040,00060,00080,00019801990200020102020

Applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at foreign and regional offices (such as the European Patent Office): how much the country's inventions seek protection in other markets. Country = first applicant's address; applications, not grants. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

PCT international patent applications

16,331 applications per year latest value, 2025

Germany: PCT international patent applications1995: 5,130; 2025: 16,33105,00010,00015,00020,0001995200020052010201520202025

International applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) by filing date and first applicant's country. One PCT application defers the choice of countries where the invention will be protected; it is neither a patent nor a filing at a particular office. The incomplete current year is excluded. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

Contribution to ESA programmes

1,346.1 million euro latest value, 2026

Germany: Contribution to ESA programmes2016: 872.6; 2026: 1,346.105001,0001,50020202025

What the country contributes to the budget of European Space Agency programmes in a year, million euro at current prices, from ESA's yearly "ESA budget" infographic. A budget for the year, not actual spending; EU and EUMETSAT money that ESA spends on their behalf is not included, nor are national space agencies.

Source: European Space Agency: yearly "ESA budget" infographics

Electric cars: share of new car sales

30 % of new car sales latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric cars: share of new car sales2010: 0; 2025: 300102030402010201520202025

Share of electric cars among all new cars sold in the year. Sales are new cars in the year, not all cars on the road (that is the stock). Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars: new car sales

860,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric cars: new car sales2010: 140; 2025: 860,0000200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0002010201520202025

New electric cars sold in the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Battery-electric cars (BEV): sales

550,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Battery-electric cars (BEV): sales2010: 140; 2025: 550,0000200,000400,000600,0002010201520202025

New battery-electric cars (BEV: battery only, no combustion engine) sold in the year. Plug-in hybrids are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV): sales

310,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV): sales2011: 240; 2025: 310,0000100,000200,000300,000400,000201520202025

New plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV: battery charged from the grid plus a combustion engine) sold in the year. Ordinary hybrids without a plug are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars on the road (stock)

3,100,000 cars latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric cars on the road (stock)2010: 250; 2025: 3,100,00001,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0002010201520202025

Electric cars on the road at the end of the year: the whole stock, not the sales of the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars: share of all cars on the road

6 % of the car stock latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric cars: share of all cars on the road2010: 0; 2025: 6024682010201520202025

Share of electric cars among all cars on the road (the stock), not among the sales of the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric buses: share of new bus sales

26 % of new bus sales latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric buses: share of new bus sales2016: 3.4; 2025: 26010203020202025

Share of electric buses (battery-electric and plug-in hybrid) among all new buses sold in the year. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric trucks: share of new truck sales

6 % of new truck sales latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric trucks: share of new truck sales2018: 0.3; 2025: 60246820202025

Share of electric trucks (medium and heavy; battery-electric and plug-in hybrid) among all new trucks sold in the year. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Public EV charging points

199,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Germany: Public EV charging points2012: 1,518; 2025: 199,000050,000100,000150,000200,000201520202025

Publicly available charging points (outlets that can each serve one car at a time) at the end of the year, slow and fast together. A point is not a station: one station can have many points. Home and private workplace chargers are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Fast public charging points (over 22 kW)

49,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Germany: Fast public charging points (over 22 kW)2012: 18; 2025: 49,000010,00020,00030,00040,00050,000201520202025

Publicly available charging points over 22 kW at the end of the year, including ultra-fast ones (150 kW and more). A point is not a station. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Slow public charging points (up to 22 kW)

150,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Germany: Slow public charging points (up to 22 kW)2012: 1,500; 2025: 150,000050,000100,000150,000200,000201520202025

Publicly available charging points of up to 22 kW at the end of the year. A point is not a station. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars per public charging point

17 vehicles per point latest value, 2025

Germany: Electric cars per public charging point2012: 4.4; 2025: 170510152025201520202025

Light-duty electric vehicles on the road (cars and vans, BEV and PHEV) per publicly available charging point. Higher means fewer public chargers per car; it is high where people charge at home, without a shortage of chargers. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

New cars: battery-electric (BEV), share

19.1 % of new car registrations latest value, 2025

Germany: New cars: battery-electric (BEV), share2013: 0.2; 2025: 19.105101520201520202025

Share of first registrations of new passenger cars in the year (close to sales; not the whole stock). Battery-electric: battery and electric motor only, no petrol or diesel engine (Eurostat code ELC). Eurostat, road_eqr_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

New cars: plug-in hybrids (PHEV), share

10.9 % of new car registrations latest value, 2025

Germany: New cars: plug-in hybrids (PHEV), share2017: 0.9; 2025: 10.905101520202025

Share of first registrations of new passenger cars in the year (close to sales; not the whole stock). Plug-in hybrids: a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol or diesel engine (ELC_PET_PI + ELC_DIE_PI). Eurostat, road_eqr_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

New cars: hybrids without a plug, share

28.6 % of new car registrations latest value, 2025

Germany: New cars: hybrids without a plug, share2017: 1.6; 2025: 28.6010203020202025

Share of first registrations of new passenger cars in the year (close to sales; not the whole stock). Ordinary hybrids without a plug (full and mild): the engine charges the battery; these are not electric cars (ELC_PET_HYB + ELC_DIE_HYB). Eurostat, road_eqr_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

New battery-electric cars (BEV): registrations

545,142 cars a year latest value, 2025

Germany: New battery-electric cars (BEV): registrations2013: 6,051; 2025: 545,1420200,000400,000600,000201520202025

First registrations of new battery-electric passenger cars in the year (close to sales). Battery-electric: battery and electric motor only, no petrol or diesel engine (Eurostat code ELC). Eurostat, road_eqr_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

All cars on the road: battery-electric (BEV), share

4.1 % of all passenger cars latest value, 2025

Germany: All cars on the road: battery-electric (BEV), share2013: 0; 2025: 4.1012345201520202025

Share of all registered passenger cars at the end of the year (the stock, not the sales of the year). Battery-electric: battery and electric motor only, no petrol or diesel engine (Eurostat code ELC). Eurostat, road_eqs_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

All cars on the road: plug-in hybrids (PHEV), share

2.3 % of all passenger cars latest value, 2025

Germany: All cars on the road: plug-in hybrids (PHEV), share2017: 0.1; 2025: 2.300.511.522.520202025

Share of all registered passenger cars at the end of the year (the stock, not the sales of the year). Plug-in hybrids: a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol or diesel engine (ELC_PET_PI + ELC_DIE_PI). Eurostat, road_eqs_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

All cars on the road: hybrids without a plug, share

6.5 % of all passenger cars latest value, 2025

Germany: All cars on the road: hybrids without a plug, share2017: 0.4; 2025: 6.50246820202025

Share of all registered passenger cars at the end of the year (the stock, not the sales of the year). Ordinary hybrids without a plug (full and mild): the engine charges the battery; these are not electric cars (ELC_PET_HYB + ELC_DIE_HYB). Eurostat, road_eqs_carpda.

Source: Eurostat: new passenger car registrations and the car stock by motor energy (road_eqr_carpda, road_eqs_carpda)

Orbital launches

1 launches a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Orbital launches2025: 1; 2025: 1000111120202025

Orbital launch attempts in the year, successful and failed together. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Failed orbital launches

1 launches a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Failed orbital launches2025: 1; 2025: 1000111120202025

Orbital launches in the year that failed to reach the intended orbit (GCAT code F; partial failures coded F are included). Counted from the country's first launch attempt. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Satellites and spacecraft put into orbit

19 payloads a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Satellites and spacecraft put into orbit1969: 1; 2025: 1905101520197019801990200020102020

Payloads (satellites, crewed and cargo ships, probes; no rocket stages, debris or dummies) put into orbit by successful launches in the year. The country is the payload owner in GCAT, not the rocket's country: a Turkish satellite on a Falcon 9 is Turkey. Thousands of Starlink satellites since 2019 are the US. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Communities and participation

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

32.4 % of seats latest value, 2025

Germany: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)1997: 26.2; 2025: 32.4010203040200020052010201520202025

Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Religion and beliefs

Christians — population share

56.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians — population share2010: 62.2; 2020: 56.2020406080201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians — population

47,030 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians — population2010: 50,300; 2020: 47,030020,00040,00060,000201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population share

6.5 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims — population share2010: 5.1; 2020: 6.502468201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population

5,480 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims — population2010: 4,160; 2020: 5,48002,0004,0006,000201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population share

36.1 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated — population share2010: 31.8; 2020: 36.1010203040201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population

30,230 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated — population2010: 25,720; 2020: 30,230010,00020,00030,00040,000201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population share

0.3 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists — population share2010: 0.3; 2020: 0.300.10.20.3201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population

290 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists — population2010: 260; 2020: 2900100200300201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Hindus — population share

0.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Hindus — population share2010: 0.1; 2020: 0.200.10.10.20.20.3201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Hindus — population

130 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Hindus — population2010: 100; 2020: 130050100150201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Jews — population share

0.1 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews — population share2010: 0.1; 2020: 0.10000.10.10.10.1201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Jews — population

120 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews — population2010: 120; 2020: 120050100150201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population share

0.4 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions — population share2010: 0.2; 2020: 0.400.10.20.30.40.5201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population

360 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions — population2010: 180; 2020: 3600100200300400201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity — country rank

20 rank among 201 latest value, 2020

Germany: Religious diversity — country rank2010: 27; 2020: 200102030201020152020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity index

6.4 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Germany: Religious diversity index2010: 5.9; 2020: 6.402468201020152020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means seven equal groups; 0 means everyone belongs to one group. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious composition: balance between two groups

9 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Germany: Religious composition: balance between two groups2010: 8.7; 2020: 90246810201020152020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means two equal groups, which may be any two religions. It is not an affiliated/unaffiliated index. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population share

63.9 % of population latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously affiliated — population share2010: 68.2; 2020: 63.9020406080201020152020

Macroscope calculation: total population minus Unaffiliated. A subtotal of six religious groups, not an eighth group or a count of believers in God. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population

53,400 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously affiliated — population2010: 55,110; 2020: 53,400020,00040,00060,000201020152020

Macroscope calculation: total population minus Unaffiliated. A subtotal of six religious groups, not an eighth group or a count of believers in God. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated adults

57 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Religiously affiliated adults2024: 57; 2024: 5702040602020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Religion is very important in life

16 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Religion is very important in life2024: 16; 2024: 16051015202020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Belief in God

56 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Belief in God2024: 56; 2024: 5602040602020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Animals can have spirits or spiritual energies

53 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Animals can have spirits or spiritual energies2024: 53; 2024: 5302040602020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Nature can have spirits or spiritual energies

49 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Nature can have spirits or spiritual energies2024: 49; 2024: 49010203040502020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Objects can have spirits or spiritual energies

24 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Objects can have spirits or spiritual energies2024: 24; 2024: 2405101520252020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Something spiritual beyond the natural world

57 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Something spiritual beyond the natural world2024: 57; 2024: 5702040602020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Definitely or probably life after death

50 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Definitely or probably life after death2024: 50; 2024: 5001020304050602020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Ancestors’ spirits can help or hurt

32 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Ancestors’ spirits can help or hurt2024: 32; 2024: 320102030402020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Belief in reincarnation

25 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Belief in reincarnation2024: 25; 2024: 250510152025302020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Belief that magic and curses affect lives

28 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Belief that magic and curses affect lives2024: 28; 2024: 2801020302020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Prayer at least daily

16 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Prayer at least daily2024: 16; 2024: 16051015202020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Religious services at least monthly

15 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Religious services at least monthly2024: 15; 2024: 15051015202020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Fasting during holy times

15 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Fasting during holy times2024: 15; 2024: 15051015202020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Consulting fortune tellers or horoscopes

7 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Consulting fortune tellers or horoscopes2024: 7; 2024: 7024682020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Lighting candles or incense for spiritual reasons

22 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Lighting candles or incense for spiritual reasons2024: 22; 2024: 2205101520252020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Wearing or carrying religious items or symbols

15 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Wearing or carrying religious items or symbols2024: 15; 2024: 15051015202020

Pew weighted adult survey responses, rounded to integer percentages; surveyed countries are not a representative sample of the world. Most observations are from 2024; US animal/nature/object spirits and afterlife are from 2023, while affiliation, importance, prayer, attendance and spirituality beyond nature use the 2023–2024 RLS. The table retains the full survey period and English response wording. Affiliation, beliefs and practice are different concepts. Do not multiply adult percentages by all-age population; 100 minus affiliation does not identify atheists. Thirteen missing cells remain missing: 12 questions not asked in Tunisia and one Bangladesh response excluded after a translation error. Rounded zero is not evidence of no people; small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Russian labels are Macroscope’s and have not been reviewed or endorsed by Pew.

Source: Pew Research Center: beliefs and practices, 2023–2024 surveys

Government restrictions on religion

4 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023

Germany: Government restrictions on religion2023: 4; 2023: 40123452020

Pew coding of published materials for 2023, 198 countries and territories. Scores from 0 to 10, not population percentages. GRI covers government restrictions; SHI covers hostile acts by private individuals and groups. They measure different things and must not be summed. North Korea is not scored due to insufficient reliable observations; missing is not no restrictions. Released June 15, 2026.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities

Social hostilities involving religion

4.4 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023

Germany: Social hostilities involving religion2023: 4.4; 2023: 4.40123452020

Pew coding of published materials for 2023, 198 countries and territories. Scores from 0 to 10, not population percentages. GRI covers government restrictions; SHI covers hostile acts by private individuals and groups. They measure different things and must not be summed. North Korea is not scored due to insufficient reliable observations; missing is not no restrictions. Released June 15, 2026.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities

Catholicism: retained since childhood

21 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Catholicism: retained since childhood2024: 21; 2024: 2105101520252020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Catholicism: left since childhood

15 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Catholicism: left since childhood2024: 15; 2024: 15051015202020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Catholicism: raised in the tradition

36 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Catholicism: raised in the tradition2024: 36; 2024: 360102030402020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Catholicism: joined since childhood

1 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Catholicism: joined since childhood2024: 1; 2024: 100011112020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Protestantism: retained since childhood

24 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Protestantism: retained since childhood2024: 24; 2024: 2405101520252020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Protestantism: left since childhood

17 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Protestantism: left since childhood2024: 17; 2024: 17051015202020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Protestantism: raised in the tradition

41 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Protestantism: raised in the tradition2024: 41; 2024: 41010203040502020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Protestantism: joined since childhood

3 % of all adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Protestantism: joined since childhood2024: 3; 2024: 3012342020

Percentages of ALL adults in each country, surveyed in 2024 (US 2023–2024), published April 23, 2026. Raised, remained, left and joined compare childhood with current identity, not annual flows. Categories overlap: retained affiliation is included in raised. Rounded numbers must not be added to reconstruct current Catholic/Protestant shares. Rounded zero does not mean no people; differences are not declared statistically significant.

Source: Pew Research Center: Catholic and Protestant switching since childhood

Christians among immigrants — share

53.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians among immigrants — share1990: 47.6; 2020: 53.402040601990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among immigrants — population

8,420 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians among immigrants — population1990: 2,820; 2020: 8,42002,0004,0006,0008,00010,0001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — share

23.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims among immigrants — share1990: 30; 2020: 23.40102030401990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — population

3,690 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims among immigrants — population1990: 1,780; 2020: 3,69001,0002,0003,0004,0001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share

18.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share1990: 19.2; 2020: 18.905101520251990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — population

2,980 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — population1990: 1,140; 2020: 2,98001,0002,0003,0001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — share

1.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists among immigrants — share1990: 1.4; 2020: 1.400.511.521990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — population

220 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists among immigrants — population1990: 80; 2020: 2200501001502002501990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — share

0.5 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Hindus among immigrants — share1990: 0.4; 2020: 0.500.10.20.30.40.50.61990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — population

70 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Hindus among immigrants — population1990: 20; 2020: 700204060801990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — share

0.6 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews among immigrants — share1990: 0.5; 2020: 0.600.20.40.61990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — population

90 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews among immigrants — population1990: 30; 2020: 900204060801001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — share

1.8 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions among immigrants — share1990: 1.1; 2020: 1.800.511.521990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — population

290 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions among immigrants — population1990: 60; 2020: 29001002003001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — share

59.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians among emigrants — share1990: 61.8; 2020: 59.40204060801990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — population

2,360 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Christians among emigrants — population1990: 1,940; 2020: 2,36005001,0001,5002,0002,5001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — share

10 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims among emigrants — share1990: 7.5; 2020: 100246810121990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — population

400 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Muslims among emigrants — population1990: 240; 2020: 40001002003004005001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share

28 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share1990: 27.6; 2020: 2801020301990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — population

1,110 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — population1990: 870; 2020: 1,11005001,0001,5001990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — share

0.6 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists among emigrants — share1990: 0.6; 2020: 0.600.20.40.61990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — population

20 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Buddhists among emigrants — population1990: 20; 2020: 2005101520251990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among emigrants — share

0.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Hindus among emigrants — share1990: 0.2; 2020: 0.200.10.10.20.20.31990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — share

1.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews among emigrants — share1990: 1.8; 2020: 1.300.511.521990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — population

50 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Jews among emigrants — population1990: 60; 2020: 500204060801990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — share

0.5 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions among emigrants — share1990: 0.5; 2020: 0.500.10.20.30.40.50.61990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — population

20 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Germany: Other religions among emigrants — population1990: 10; 2020: 2005101520251990199520002005201020152020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religion very important: EVS

13.5 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Religion very important: EVS2018: 13.5; 2018: 13.50510152015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Religion not at all important: EVS

26.9 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Religion not at all important: EVS2018: 26.9; 2018: 26.901020302015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Belong to a denomination: EVS

63.9 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Belong to a denomination: EVS2018: 63.9; 2018: 63.90204060802015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

No denominational affiliation: EVS

36.1 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: No denominational affiliation: EVS2018: 36.1; 2018: 36.10102030402015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Never attend services: EVS

41.6 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Never attend services: EVS2018: 41.6; 2018: 41.6010203040502015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Identify as religious: EVS

54.6 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as religious: EVS2018: 54.6; 2018: 54.602040602015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Identify as non-religious: EVS

34.5 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as non-religious: EVS2018: 34.5; 2018: 34.50102030402015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Identify as convinced atheists: EVS

10.9 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as convinced atheists: EVS2018: 10.9; 2018: 10.90510152015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Believe in God: EVS

63.4 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in God: EVS2018: 63.4; 2018: 63.40204060802015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Do not believe in God: EVS

36.7 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Do not believe in God: EVS2018: 36.7; 2018: 36.70102030402015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Believe in life after death: EVS

47.7 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in life after death: EVS2018: 47.7; 2018: 47.7010203040502015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Believe in hell: EVS

18.7 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in hell: EVS2018: 18.7; 2018: 18.7051015202015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Believe in heaven: EVS

36.6 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in heaven: EVS2018: 36.6; 2018: 36.60102030402015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Believe in reincarnation: EVS

25.5 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in reincarnation: EVS2018: 25.5; 2018: 25.501020302015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Belief in a personal God: EVS

23.5 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Belief in a personal God: EVS2018: 23.5; 2018: 23.505101520252015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Belief in a spirit or life force: EVS

40.3 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Belief in a spirit or life force: EVS2018: 40.3; 2018: 40.3010203040502015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Unsure what to think about God: EVS

13.5 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Unsure what to think about God: EVS2018: 13.5; 2018: 13.50510152015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

No God, spirit or life force: EVS

22.7 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: No God, spirit or life force: EVS2018: 22.7; 2018: 22.705101520252015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Daily prayer: EVS

16.1 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Daily prayer: EVS2018: 16.1; 2018: 16.1051015202015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Never pray: EVS

42.1 % of valid answers latest value, 2018

Germany: Never pray: EVS2018: 42.1; 2018: 42.1010203040502015

EVS 2017, ZA7500 v5.0.0: published weighted tables, fieldwork 2017–2021. Percentages use valid answers to each question; do-not-know and refusal responses are excluded. The gweight calibration adjusts age, sex, education and region. Rounded weighted valid/missing frequencies are retained; they are neither population counts nor actual interview counts. Q17 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and a convinced atheist: self-description, not affiliation. Q20 “do not know what to think” is not relabelled agnosticism. Q13a describes only respondents naming a denomination, not all adults. Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland and is retained as a region. Chart year is the fieldwork end year; the full period is retained in the table. Rounded 0.0% is not an exact zero; blank cells remain absent. Small differences are not declared significant without uncertainty estimates. Source: EVS, GESIS (2022), EVS 2017 Variable Report, GESIS-Variable Reports 2022/05; EVS (2022), ZA7500 v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897. Only selected aggregates from the public report are republished, not microdata.

Source: EVS 2017: public weighted tables

Religion very important: WVS

13.9 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Religion very important: WVS2018: 13.9; 2018: 13.90510152015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Religion not at all important: WVS

25.9 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Religion not at all important: WVS2018: 25.9; 2018: 25.901020302015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Never attend services: WVS

40.5 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Never attend services: WVS2018: 40.5; 2018: 40.5010203040502015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Never pray: WVS

39.1 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Never pray: WVS2018: 39.1; 2018: 39.10102030402015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Identify as religious: WVS

48 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as religious: WVS2018: 48; 2018: 48010203040502015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Identify as non-religious: WVS

37.5 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as non-religious: WVS2018: 37.5; 2018: 37.50102030402015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Identify as atheists: WVS

11.6 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Identify as atheists: WVS2018: 11.6; 2018: 11.60510152015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Do not believe in God: WVS

38.2 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Do not believe in God: WVS2018: 38.2; 2018: 38.20102030402015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Believe in God: WVS

55.7 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in God: WVS2018: 55.7; 2018: 55.702040602015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Believe in life after death: WVS

38.8 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in life after death: WVS2018: 38.8; 2018: 38.80102030402015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Believe in hell: WVS

14.7 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in hell: WVS2018: 14.7; 2018: 14.70510152015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Believe in heaven: WVS

30.6 % of all weighted respondents latest value, 2018

Germany: Believe in heaven: WVS2018: 30.6; 2018: 30.60102030402015

WVS7 published tables of Joint EVS/WVS v5.0.0, 66 country/territory samples, 2017–2023. Separate EVS samples are excluded to avoid duplication. Percentages use the full weighted sample, including do-not-know, refusal and other missing responses in the denominator; this differs from EVS valid percentages. gwght retains the original national WVS weights, not population-size country weights. The weighted TOTAL is retained and is not the actual interview count. F034/Q173 distinguishes a religious person, a non-religious person and an atheist; the original WVS response does not say “convinced” although the joint harmonized heading does. Affiliation, self-description and belief are distinct questions; there is no separate agnostic category. The year is the survey reference year from the year variable, not the publication year; India is 2023. Great Britain and Northern Ireland remain separate regions. Published dashes remain unprinted cells, not exact zeros. No confidence intervals or representative global aggregate are available in these tables. Source: EVS/WVS (2024), Joint EVS/WVS 2017–2022 Dataset v5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.14320; tables dated 2024-06-30; WVS7 v6.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24. Selected published aggregates for non-commercial analysis; original microdata are not redistributed.

Source: WVS7: public EVS/WVS tables

Catholics — population, 2010 estimate

27,910 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Germany: Catholics — population, 2010 estimate2010: 27,910; 2010: 27,910010,00020,00030,00020052010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Protestants — population, 2010 estimate

28,640 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Germany: Protestants — population, 2010 estimate2010: 28,640; 2010: 28,640010,00020,00030,00020052010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Eastern and Oriental Orthodox — population, 2010 estimate

1,140 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Germany: Eastern and Oriental Orthodox — population, 2010 estimate2010: 1,140; 2010: 1,14005001,0001,50020052010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Other Christians — population, 2010 estimate

550 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Germany: Other Christians — population, 2010 estimate2010: 550; 2010: 550020040060020052010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Shia among Muslims — lower estimate endpoint, 2009

10 % of Muslims latest value, 2009

Germany: Shia among Muslims — lower estimate endpoint, 20092009: 10; 2009: 100246810122005

Historical 2009 expert/ethnographic estimates, not a current census or survey responses. Denominator: all Muslims in the respective country, not its total population. Ranges are the source’s likely estimate ranges, not statistical confidence intervals; Pew does not quantify a margin of error. Lower and upper range endpoints have separate indicators; no midpoint is calculated. Approximate (~) estimates are separate; <1%, <5% and similar are bounds in the typed table only. Missing -- is not zero. The remainder is not automatically called Sunni, which would conceal other traditions. Share of the world’s Shia and Shia share of a country’s Muslims have distinct denominators. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Shia share ranges, 2009

Shia among Muslims — upper estimate endpoint, 2009

15 % of Muslims latest value, 2009

Germany: Shia among Muslims — upper estimate endpoint, 20092009: 15; 2009: 15051015202005

Historical 2009 expert/ethnographic estimates, not a current census or survey responses. Denominator: all Muslims in the respective country, not its total population. Ranges are the source’s likely estimate ranges, not statistical confidence intervals; Pew does not quantify a margin of error. Lower and upper range endpoints have separate indicators; no midpoint is calculated. Approximate (~) estimates are separate; <1%, <5% and similar are bounds in the typed table only. Missing -- is not zero. The remainder is not automatically called Sunni, which would conceal other traditions. Share of the world’s Shia and Shia share of a country’s Muslims have distinct denominators. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Shia share ranges, 2009

Internet and communication freedom

Internet freedom: overall score

74 points out of 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Internet freedom: overall score2019: 80; 2025: 7402040608010020202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Internet freedom: access score

23 points out of 25 latest value, 2025

Germany: Internet freedom: access score2019: 22; 2025: 23051015202520202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Internet freedom: content score

27 points out of 35 latest value, 2025

Germany: Internet freedom: content score2019: 30; 2025: 2701020304020202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Internet freedom: user-rights score

24 points out of 40 latest value, 2025

Germany: Internet freedom: user-rights score2019: 28; 2025: 24010203020202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Connectivity freedom: infrastructure control

6 points out of 6 latest value, 2025

Germany: Connectivity freedom: infrastructure control2025: 6; 2025: 60246820202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Content freedom: website and VPN blocking

4 points out of 6 latest value, 2025

Germany: Content freedom: website and VPN blocking2025: 4; 2025: 401234520202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Content freedom: forced removal

2 points out of 4 latest value, 2025

Germany: Content freedom: forced removal2025: 2; 2025: 201122320202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Online rights: punishment for online activity

4 points out of 6 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online rights: punishment for online activity2025: 4; 2025: 401234520202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Online rights: anonymity and encryption

3 points out of 4 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online rights: anonymity and encryption2025: 3; 2025: 30123420202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Online rights: state surveillance

2 points out of 6 latest value, 2025

Germany: Online rights: state surveillance2025: 2; 2025: 201122320202025

Freedom House expert assessment; higher scores mean more freedom, not a percentage of people or sites. Year denotes the edition, assessing June 1 of the previous year through May 31 of that year. Total is access (0–25) plus content (0–35) plus user rights (0–40). Country coverage is neither a random sample nor the entire world. History starts in 2019, when the source reversed its scale; the 2025 production process was reduced due to budget constraints. Detailed questions cover 2025 only; gaps remain missing.

Source: Freedom House: Freedom on the Net

Markets and valuations

Equity price change (WDI)

−12.35 % per year latest value, 2022

Germany: Equity price change (WDI)1990: −11.86; 2022: −12.350204060801990199520002005201020152020

Annual equity index price change, without adding dividends. WDI describes USD S&P BMI indices but separately specifies local prices and CAC40, DAX, Nikkei, FTSE and S&P500 for France, Germany, Japan, the UK and US. Do not treat all countries as one USD portfolio. Coverage and currency bases differ; a historical sample, not live quotes. Source definition: S&P Global Equity Indices measure the U.S. dollar price change in the stock markets covered by the S&P BMI country indices.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Stock market capitalisation / GDP

57.39 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Stock market capitalisation / GDP1975: 10.44; 2025: 57.3902040608019801990200020102020

Year-end market value of listed domestic equities divided by annual GDP: a stock/flow ratio, not P/E or a bubble diagnosis. Foreign revenues and the share of business outside exchanges vary across countries. India, 2025: WDI reports USD 10.56 trillion of capitalisation, while NSE Market Pulse January 2026 reports about USD 5.3 trillion for India. The reason is unresolved. That year’s capitalisation and capitalisation/GDP are retained in the typed dataset with quality=source_discrepancy but excluded from annual charts and automatic analysis pending review. Source definition: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Listed domestic equity capitalisation

2,898.63 US$ bn latest value, 2025

Germany: Listed domestic equity capitalisation1975: 51.4; 2025: 2,898.6301,0002,0003,00019801990200020102020

Price times outstanding shares at year end, in current US dollars. Funds and companies that only hold other companies’ shares are excluded. Changes include repricing, listings, delistings and exchange rates; this is not portfolio return. India, 2025: WDI reports USD 10.56 trillion of capitalisation, while NSE Market Pulse January 2026 reports about USD 5.3 trillion for India. The reason is unresolved. That year’s capitalisation and capitalisation/GDP are retained in the typed dataset with quality=source_discrepancy but excluded from annual charts and automatic analysis pending review. Source definition: Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies are excluded. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Equity trading value / GDP

29.4 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Equity trading value / GDP1975: 2.13; 2025: 29.405010015019801990200020102020

Annual value of domestic and foreign shares traded divided by GDP, counting one side of each transaction. Trading volume is neither market capitalisation nor invested savings. Source definition: The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Domestic equity turnover ratio

45.2 % per year latest value, 2024

Germany: Domestic equity turnover ratio1975: 20.42; 2024: 45.2010020030040019801990200020102020

Domestic shares traded relative to their capitalisation; WDI annualises the monthly average by multiplying by 12. High turnover measures trading activity, not investment return. Source definition: Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Listed domestic companies

416 companies latest value, 2025

Germany: Listed domestic companies1975: 471; 2025: 416020040060080019801990200020102020

Companies with listed shares at year end, including foreign companies exclusively listed locally. Multiple share classes count as one company; investment funds are excluded. Source definition: Listed domestic companies, including foreign companies which are exclusively listed, are those which have shares listed on an exchange at the end of the year. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold shares of other listed companies, such as holding companies and investment companies, regardless of their legal status, are excluded. A company with several classes of shares is counted once. Only companies admitted to listing on the exchange are included.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Private-sector credit / GDP

77.25 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Germany: Private-sector credit / GDP2001: 111.24; 2023: 77.250501001502005201020152020

Financial resources supplied to the private sector by financial corporations relative to GDP. Includes loans and other debt claims; country coverage differs. Neither government debt nor mortgages alone. Source definition: Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. The financial corporations include monetary authorities and deposit money banks, as well as other financial corporations where data are available (including corporations that do not accept transferable deposits but do incur such liabilities as time and savings deposits). Examples of other financial corporations are finance and leasing companies, money lenders, insurance corporations, pension funds, and foreign exchange companies. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Bank nonperforming loans

1.89 % of gross loans latest value, 2025

Germany: Bank nonperforming loans2022: 1.24; 2025: 1.8900.511.5220202025

Loans 90+ days overdue or unlikely to be repaid in full divided by gross loans, before provisions and collateral deductions. National rules and coverage can differ. Source definition: The indicator measures the proportion of a deposit taker’s loan portfolio that is impaired or at risk of default. It is calculated as the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total gross loans, where NPLs are defined as loans that are past due by 90 days or more or are otherwise considered unlikely to be repaid in full without the realization of collateral. Both non-performing loans and total gross loans should be reported at their gross book value, without deducting for loan-loss provisions or collateral. This indicator provides a key measure of asset quality and potential credit risk in the banking system.

Source: World Bank WDI: financial markets (WFE, IMF)

Equities: latest month (OECD)

159.66 2015 = 100 latest value, 2026

Germany: Equities: latest month (OECD)1960: 12.09; 2026: 159.660501001502001960197019801990200020102020

The annual axis selects the last published month of each year, labelled with its actual date. The current year is incomplete; this is neither a full-year mean nor a live quote. OECD national indices, normally monthly means of daily closes, 2015 = 100. Index composition differs across countries; dividends are not added. Index changes are not total-market capitalisation growth. Monthly averages smooth intramonth falls.

Source: OECD: monthly financial markets, national sources

Long-term yields: latest month (OECD)

3.47 % per year latest value, 2026

Germany: Long-term yields: latest month (OECD)1956: 7.3; 2026: 3.4702468101960197019801990200020102020

The annual axis selects the last published month of each year, labelled with its actual date. The current year is incomplete; this is neither a full-year mean nor a live quote. National-currency long-term government bond rates, normally around ten years, monthly national-source observations. Maturity, coverage and methodology vary by country. A quoted yield is not investor total return.

Source: OECD: monthly financial markets, national sources

Nominal residential property prices

179.05 index, 2010 = 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Nominal residential property prices1970: 39.19; 2025: 179.05050100150200197019801990200020102020

BIS residential property prices in local currency, without inflation adjustment. Mean of four quarters; incomplete years omitted. Housing coverage and methods differ across countries. Compare with BIS real prices; excludes rental income and does not establish a bubble.

Source: BIS: nominal and real residential property prices

Cryptoassets

Cryptoasset ownership (ECB)

5.9 % of adults latest value, 2024

Germany: Cryptoasset ownership (ECB)2022: 4.3; 2024: 5.902462020

ECB SPACE 2024, chart tables 41–42, euro-area adults aged 18+. Ownership uses all adults; purposes use crypto owners only. The ownership question became standalone in 2024, potentially affecting responses and limiting comparisons with 2022. 2024 fieldwork: September–November 2023 and April–June 2024; Germany and Netherlands use national surveys. Croatia has no 2022 observation: its Excel zero is excluded. Euro area is a region, not the world.

Source: ECB: SPACE 2024

Cryptoasset owners: investment only

82.3 % of cryptoasset owners latest value, 2024

Germany: Cryptoasset owners: investment only2024: 82.3; 2024: 82.30204060801002020

ECB SPACE 2024, chart tables 41–42, euro-area adults aged 18+. Ownership uses all adults; purposes use crypto owners only. The ownership question became standalone in 2024, potentially affecting responses and limiting comparisons with 2022. 2024 fieldwork: September–November 2023 and April–June 2024; Germany and Netherlands use national surveys. Croatia has no 2022 observation: its Excel zero is excluded. Euro area is a region, not the world.

Source: ECB: SPACE 2024

Cryptoasset owners: payments only

6 % of cryptoasset owners latest value, 2024

Germany: Cryptoasset owners: payments only2024: 6; 2024: 6024682020

ECB SPACE 2024, chart tables 41–42, euro-area adults aged 18+. Ownership uses all adults; purposes use crypto owners only. The ownership question became standalone in 2024, potentially affecting responses and limiting comparisons with 2022. 2024 fieldwork: September–November 2023 and April–June 2024; Germany and Netherlands use national surveys. Croatia has no 2022 observation: its Excel zero is excluded. Euro area is a region, not the world.

Source: ECB: SPACE 2024

Cryptoasset owners: investment and payments

10.6 % of cryptoasset owners latest value, 2024

Germany: Cryptoasset owners: investment and payments2024: 10.6; 2024: 10.60510152020

ECB SPACE 2024, chart tables 41–42, euro-area adults aged 18+. Ownership uses all adults; purposes use crypto owners only. The ownership question became standalone in 2024, potentially affecting responses and limiting comparisons with 2022. 2024 fieldwork: September–November 2023 and April–June 2024; Germany and Netherlands use national surveys. Croatia has no 2022 observation: its Excel zero is excluded. Euro area is a region, not the world.

Source: ECB: SPACE 2024

Cryptoasset owners: refused or do not know

1.1 % of cryptoasset owners latest value, 2024

Germany: Cryptoasset owners: refused or do not know2024: 1.1; 2024: 1.100.511.52020

ECB SPACE 2024, chart tables 41–42, euro-area adults aged 18+. Ownership uses all adults; purposes use crypto owners only. The ownership question became standalone in 2024, potentially affecting responses and limiting comparisons with 2022. 2024 fieldwork: September–November 2023 and April–June 2024; Germany and Netherlands use national surveys. Croatia has no 2022 observation: its Excel zero is excluded. Euro area is a region, not the world.

Source: ECB: SPACE 2024

Industry and waste

Municipal waste per person

608 kg per person a year latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste per person1990: 625; 2024: 60802004006008001990199520002005201020152020

Municipal waste generated in the year per inhabitant. Municipal waste is collected by or on behalf of municipalities: household waste and similar waste of shops, offices and institutions. Industrial, construction and mining waste are outside it; national scopes differ. OECD, MUNW.

Source: OECD, Municipal waste: generation and treatment (MUNW)

Municipal waste landfilled

0 % of treated latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste landfilled1993: 62.1; 2024: 0020406080199520002005201020152020

Landfill as a share of municipal waste treated in the year. Municipal waste is collected by or on behalf of municipalities: household waste and similar waste of shops, offices and institutions. Industrial, construction and mining waste are outside it; national scopes differ. OECD, MUNW.

Source: OECD, Municipal waste: generation and treatment (MUNW)

Municipal waste recycled

45.7 % of treated latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste recycled1993: 28.2; 2024: 45.701020304050199520002005201020152020

Material recycling (composting excluded) as a share of municipal waste treated in the year, as reported by the country; not the secondary material finally produced. Municipal waste is collected by or on behalf of municipalities: household waste and similar waste of shops, offices and institutions. Industrial, construction and mining waste are outside it; national scopes differ. OECD, MUNW.

Source: OECD, Municipal waste: generation and treatment (MUNW)

Municipal waste composted

23.3 % of treated latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste composted1993: 6.6; 2024: 23.30510152025199520002005201020152020

Composting and digestion as a share of municipal waste treated in the year. Municipal waste is collected by or on behalf of municipalities: household waste and similar waste of shops, offices and institutions. Industrial, construction and mining waste are outside it; national scopes differ. OECD, MUNW.

Source: OECD, Municipal waste: generation and treatment (MUNW)

Municipal waste incinerated

30.1 % of treated latest value, 2024

Germany: Municipal waste incinerated1993: 0; 2024: 30.1010203040199520002005201020152020

Incineration, with and without energy recovery, as a share of municipal waste treated in the year. Municipal waste is collected by or on behalf of municipalities: household waste and similar waste of shops, offices and institutions. Industrial, construction and mining waste are outside it; national scopes differ. OECD, MUNW.

Source: OECD, Municipal waste: generation and treatment (MUNW)

Packaging waste per person

215.2 kg per person a year latest value, 2023

Germany: Packaging waste per person1997: 167.2; 2023: 215.205010015020025020002005201020152020

All packaging that became waste in the year (paper, plastic, glass, metal, wood, other) per inhabitant. Eurostat equates it with packaging placed on the market. Eurostat, env_waspac.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Plastic packaging waste per person

37.5 kg per person a year latest value, 2023

Germany: Plastic packaging waste per person1997: 18.3; 2023: 37.50102030405020002005201020152020

Plastic packaging that became waste in the year per inhabitant (Eurostat). Eurostat, env_waspac.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Packaging recycling rate

69.2 % of packaging waste generated latest value, 2023

Germany: Packaging recycling rate1997: 80.6; 2023: 69.202040608010020002005201020152020

Recycled packaging as a percentage of packaging waste generated, all materials. From 2020 Eurostat measures recycling at a new calculation point (after sorting, closer to actual recycling), so rates before and after 2020 are not fully comparable. Eurostat, env_waspac.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Plastic packaging recycling rate

51.3 % of plastic packaging waste generated latest value, 2023

Germany: Plastic packaging recycling rate1997: 61.1; 2023: 51.302040608020002005201020152020

Recycled plastic packaging as a percentage of plastic packaging waste generated: recycling, not collection for recycling. From 2020 Eurostat measures recycling at a new calculation point (after sorting, closer to actual recycling), so rates before and after 2020 are not fully comparable. Eurostat, env_waspac.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

All waste per person (all activities and households)

4,638 kg per person a year latest value, 2022

Germany: All waste per person (all activities and households)2004: 4,412; 2022: 4,63801,0002,0003,0004,0005,0002005201020152020

All waste generated in the year by all economic activities and households per inhabitant, including mineral waste from construction and mining (soil, rock), usually the largest part. Reported every two years (2004-2022). Not municipal waste, which covers only household and similar waste collected by municipalities. Eurostat, env_wasgen.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Waste excluding major mineral waste per person

1,785 kg per person a year latest value, 2022

Germany: Waste excluding major mineral waste per person2004: 1,473; 2022: 1,78505001,0001,5002,0002005201020152020

Waste from all activities and households excluding major mineral wastes (soil, rock, construction and demolition waste) per inhabitant; Eurostat uses it to compare countries with different construction and mining. Reported every two years (2004-2022). Not municipal waste, which covers only household and similar waste collected by municipalities. Eurostat, env_wasgen.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Household waste per person

437 kg per person a year latest value, 2022

Germany: Household waste per person2004: 461; 2022: 43701002003004005002005201020152020

Waste generated by households themselves per inhabitant. Not equal to municipal waste, which also includes similar waste from shops and offices. Reported every two years (2004-2022). Not municipal waste, which covers only household and similar waste collected by municipalities. Eurostat, env_wasgen.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Manufacturing waste per person

667 kg per person a year latest value, 2022

Germany: Manufacturing waste per person2004: 366; 2022: 66702004006008002005201020152020

Waste generated by manufacturing (NACE section C) per inhabitant of the country. Reported every two years (2004-2022). Not municipal waste, which covers only household and similar waste collected by municipalities. Eurostat, env_wasgen.

Source: Eurostat, waste statistics (env_waspac, env_wasgen)

Industrial production index

92.3 index, 2021 = 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Industrial production index1991: 79.7; 2025: 92.30501001501995200020052010201520202025

Volume of industrial output: mining, manufacturing, electricity and gas (NACE sections B-D). Volume index of output, 2021 = 100, calendar adjusted. Compares a country only with itself, not countries with each other. Eurostat, sts_inpr_a.

Source: Eurostat, short-term business statistics (sts_inpr_a)

Manufacturing production index

93.2 index, 2021 = 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Manufacturing production index1991: 76; 2025: 93.20501001501995200020052010201520202025

Volume of manufacturing output (NACE section C): factories, excluding mining and energy. Volume index of output, 2021 = 100, calendar adjusted. Compares a country only with itself, not countries with each other. Eurostat, sts_inpr_a.

Source: Eurostat, short-term business statistics (sts_inpr_a)

Industrial production (OECD index)

88.2 index, 2015 = 100 latest value, 2025

Germany: Industrial production (OECD index)1958: 23.8; 2025: 88.20501001501960197019801990200020102020

Industrial output volume — mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water (ISIC B-E), annual average, 2015 = 100. It tracks physical volume, not revenue; compare countries by their change, not by their level. OECD short-term statistics (production volume, not seasonally adjusted).

Source: OECD short-term statistics: industrial production index

Manufacturing, share of GDP

17.6 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Manufacturing, share of GDP1991: 24.6; 2025: 17.605101520251995200020052010201520202025

Manufacturing value added (ISIC section C: factories, excluding mining, utilities and construction) as a percentage of GDP. The share can fall while output grows if the rest of the economy grows faster. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Manufacturing includes industries classified in ISIC (Rev. 3) major division C and is defined as the physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new products. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: World Bank WDI: national accounts (industry)

Industry incl. construction, share of GDP

25.2 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Industry incl. construction, share of GDP1991: 33.3; 2025: 25.20102030401995200020052010201520202025

Value added of industry in the broad sense (mining, manufacturing, utilities and construction; ISIC B-F) as a percentage of GDP. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Industry (including construction) corresponds to ISIC (Rev.4) divisions 05-43. It is comprised of mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas industries. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: World Bank WDI: national accounts (industry)

Manufacturing value added per person

8,372 constant 2015 US$ per person latest value, 2025

Germany: Manufacturing value added per person1991: 6,621; 2025: 8,37202,0004,0006,0008,00010,0001995200020052010201520202025

Manufacturing value added at constant 2015 US dollars divided by population (UN WPP 2024): factory output net of inputs, not revenue. World Bank, WDI. Source note: Manufacturing includes industries classified in ISIC (Rev. 3) major division C and is defined as the physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new products. Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: World Bank WDI: national accounts (industry)

Manufacturing value added per person (UNIDO)

9,163 constant 2020 US$ per person latest value, 2025

Germany: Manufacturing value added per person (UNIDO)2000: 7,091; 2025: 9,16302,0004,0006,0008,00010,000200020052010201520202025

Manufacturing value added (ISIC section C) per person at constant 2020 US dollars. UNIDO National Accounts Database via the UN SDG database (indicator 9.2.1). Differs from the World Bank series by its base year (2020 rather than 2015) and UNIDO estimates for countries without recent accounts. Series: Manufacturing value added per capita (constant 2020 United States dollars).

Source: UNIDO via the UN SDG database: manufacturing value added

Manufacturing, share of GDP (UNIDO)

18.7 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Germany: Manufacturing, share of GDP (UNIDO)2000: 18; 2025: 18.705101520200020052010201520202025

Manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP, constant prices. UNIDO via the UN SDG database (indicator 9.2.1). Series: Manufacturing value added (constant 2020 United States dollars) as a proportion of GDP (%).

Source: UNIDO via the UN SDG database: manufacturing value added

Natural gas production

3.7 billion cubic metres a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Natural gas production1970: 12; 2025: 3.70510152025197019801990200020102020

Marketed natural gas production, excluding gas flared or reinjected, billion cubic metres a year. Source: Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026 (via the Our World in Data copy).

Source: Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy 2026

Coal production

86.4 million tonnes a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Coal production1981: 492.8; 2025: 86.402004006001990200020102020

Hard coal and lignite in physical tonnes (not adjusted for energy content), million tonnes a year. Source: Energy Institute, Statistical Review of World Energy 2026 (via the Our World in Data copy).

Source: Energy Institute: Statistical Review of World Energy 2026

Crude steel production

34.1 million tonnes a year latest value, 2025

Germany: Crude steel production2017: 43.3; 2025: 34.10102030405020202025

Crude steel output by all processes (basic oxygen and electric arc furnaces), million tonnes a year. The 20 largest producers of the latest year and the world; each year from the newest World Steel in Figures edition. Source: World Steel Association.

Source: World Steel Association: World Steel in Figures and Short Range Outlook

E-waste formally collected

10.9 kg per person a year latest value, 2023

Germany: E-waste formally collected2006: 9.2; 2023: 10.9051015201020152020

E-waste collected and documented by formal take-back systems, kg per person a year. Collected is not recycled: part is exported or lost; undocumented collection and recycling are not included. UNITAR (Global E-waste Monitor) via the UN SDG database.

Source: UNITAR Global E-waste Monitor via the UN SDG database

E-waste recycled

9.2 kg per person a year latest value, 2023

Germany: E-waste recycled2006: 7.3; 2023: 9.2051015201020152020

E-waste recycled in documented, environmentally sound conditions, kg per person a year. UNITAR (Global E-waste Monitor) via the UN SDG database.

Source: UNITAR Global E-waste Monitor via the UN SDG database

Municipal waste per person (World Bank)

593 kg per person a year latest value, 2022

Germany: Municipal waste per person (World Bank)2022: 593; 2022: 59302004006002020

Municipal solid waste generation, kg per person a year (kg a day × 365). Municipal solid waste: households plus similar waste from shops, institutions and streets — excluding industrial, construction and mining waste. One reported year a country, the years differ. World Bank, What a Waste 3.0 (2026).

Source: World Bank: What a Waste 3.0 (2026)

Municipal waste sent to recycling

47 % of municipal waste latest value, 2022

Germany: Municipal waste sent to recycling2022: 47; 2022: 47010203040502020

Share of municipal waste sent to recycling, as reported by the country. Sent is not the same as recycled: sorting rejects and exports are included; composting and incineration are not. Municipal solid waste: households plus similar waste from shops, institutions and streets — excluding industrial, construction and mining waste. One reported year a country, the years differ. World Bank, What a Waste 3.0 (2026).

Source: World Bank: What a Waste 3.0 (2026)

Education and skills

PISA: reading, mean score of 15-year-olds

480 PISA points latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: reading, mean score of 15-year-olds2000: 484; 2022: 480020040060020002005201020152020

Mean score in the OECD PISA test of reading literacy. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. PISA scale: in the cycle when the domain was first the major one (2000) the OECD mean = 500, standard deviation = 100; the series is comparable from 2000. A 10-15 point change between cycles is often within the error (standard errors and significance are in the education_pisa dataset). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: mathematics, mean score of 15-year-olds

475 PISA points latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: mathematics, mean score of 15-year-olds2003: 503; 2022: 47502004006002005201020152020

Mean score in the OECD PISA test of mathematical literacy. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. PISA scale: in the cycle when the domain was first the major one (2003) the OECD mean = 500, standard deviation = 100; the series is comparable from 2003. A 10-15 point change between cycles is often within the error (standard errors and significance are in the education_pisa dataset). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: science, mean score of 15-year-olds

492 PISA points latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: science, mean score of 15-year-olds2006: 516; 2022: 4920200400600201020152020

Mean score in the OECD PISA test of scientific literacy. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. PISA scale: in the cycle when the domain was first the major one (2006) the OECD mean = 500, standard deviation = 100; the series is comparable from 2006. A 10-15 point change between cycles is often within the error (standard errors and significance are in the education_pisa dataset). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: reading, share of 15-year-olds below baseline

25.5 % of students latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: reading, share of 15-year-olds below baseline2009: 18.5; 2022: 25.50102030201020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who did not reach Level 2 in the PISA reading literacy test (below 407 points) — the level the OECD treats as the baseline for full participation in life and learning. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. Shares are comparable from 2009 (for reading, the latest OECD reports give shares only from 2009). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: mathematics, share of 15-year-olds below baseline

29.5 % of students latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: mathematics, share of 15-year-olds below baseline2003: 21.6; 2022: 29.501020302005201020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who did not reach Level 2 in the PISA mathematical literacy test (below 420 points) — the level the OECD treats as the baseline for full participation in life and learning. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. Shares are comparable from 2003 (for reading, the latest OECD reports give shares only from 2009). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: science, share of 15-year-olds below baseline

22.9 % of students latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: science, share of 15-year-olds below baseline2006: 15.4; 2022: 22.90510152025201020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who did not reach Level 2 in the PISA scientific literacy test (below 410 points) — the level the OECD treats as the baseline for full participation in life and learning. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. Shares are comparable from 2006 (for reading, the latest OECD reports give shares only from 2009). In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

PISA: mathematics, share of top performers (Levels 5-6)

8.6 % of students latest value, 2022

Germany: PISA: mathematics, share of top performers (Levels 5-6)2003: 16.2; 2022: 8.6051015202005201020152020

Share of 15-year-olds reaching Level 5 or 6 in the PISA mathematics test (607 points or more): they solve complex modelling and reasoning tasks. Tested: 15-year-old students (aged 15y3m-16y2m, grade 7 or above), a sample in each country; every three years, the 2021 cycle postponed to 2022 because of COVID. Shares are comparable from 2003. In 2015 the test moved from paper to computer and to a new scaling model: the link to earlier cycles holds, with a link error of a few points. In 2022 several countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and others) missed sampling standards — compare with caution. Values come from the trend tables of the latest OECD report listing the country (PISA 2022, else 2018, 2015, 2012, 2009 Vol. V). China took part only as provinces (B-S-J-G/Z, Shanghai), not shown here; Russia took part 2000-2018, not in 2022; Argentina, Kazakhstan and Malaysia 2015 are not comparable and not shown, nor is Viet Nam reading 2022. Source: OECD, PISA 2022 Results, Vol. I.

Source: OECD, PISA — Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2009-2022 results, StatLink tables)

TIMSS: mathematics, grade 4

524 TIMSS score latest value, 2023

Germany: TIMSS: mathematics, grade 42007: 525; 2023: 5240200400600201020152020

Average score of students in their fourth year of school (usually grade 4, about 10 years old) in the international TIMSS mathematics test. The TIMSS scale was set in 1995: 500 is the mean of that cycle's countries and 100 points is one standard deviation; the test is repeated every 4 years, and a country's scores from different cycles are comparable when IEA includes them in its trend table. Year is the test year. In 2019 about half the countries tested on computer (eTIMSS), linked to paper through a bridge sample; in 2023 almost all did. Some countries test the next grade up (Norway, South Africa, Turkey) to keep the average age above the IEA minimum. Values IEA flags as not reliably measured (more than 25% of students too low to estimate) are left out. Russia took part until 2019 and is not in TIMSS 2023. Figures come from the TIMSS 2023 trend tables; for countries absent in 2023, from the TIMSS 2019 report. Source: IEA, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.

Source: IEA Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

TIMSS: science, grade 4

515 TIMSS score latest value, 2023

Germany: TIMSS: science, grade 42007: 528; 2023: 5150200400600201020152020

Average score of students in their fourth year of school (usually grade 4, about 10 years old) in the international TIMSS science test. The TIMSS scale was set in 1995: 500 is the mean of that cycle's countries and 100 points is one standard deviation; the test is repeated every 4 years, and a country's scores from different cycles are comparable when IEA includes them in its trend table. Year is the test year. In 2019 about half the countries tested on computer (eTIMSS), linked to paper through a bridge sample; in 2023 almost all did. Some countries test the next grade up (Norway, South Africa, Turkey) to keep the average age above the IEA minimum. Values IEA flags as not reliably measured (more than 25% of students too low to estimate) are left out. Russia took part until 2019 and is not in TIMSS 2023. Figures come from the TIMSS 2023 trend tables; for countries absent in 2023, from the TIMSS 2019 report. Source: IEA, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.

Source: IEA Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

PIRLS: reading, grade 4

524 PIRLS score latest value, 2021

Germany: PIRLS: reading, grade 42001: 539; 2021: 52402004006002005201020152020

Average score of students in their fourth year of school (usually grade 4, about 10 years old) in the international PIRLS reading comprehension test. The PIRLS scale was set in 2001: 500 is the mean of that cycle's countries and 100 points is one standard deviation; the test is repeated every 5 years, and a country's scores from different cycles are comparable when IEA includes them in its trend table. Year is the cycle year. In 2021, because of COVID-19, some countries tested the same children at the beginning of grade 5 (at least 4 months older: the United States, Ireland, Hungary, Croatia, Lithuania and others) and six tested a year later (England, Australia, Brazil, Iran, Israel, South Africa); about half the countries tested on computer (digitalPIRLS). Some countries test the next grade up (Norway, grade 5). Values IEA flags as not reliably measured (more than 25% of students too low to estimate) are left out. Russia took part in every cycle 2001-2021; Moscow City is a separate participant. Figures come from the PIRLS 2021 trend tables; for countries absent there, from the PIRLS 2016 report. Source: IEA, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.

Source: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)

PIRLS: grade 4 students below the Low reading benchmark

6 % of students latest value, 2021

Germany: PIRLS: grade 4 students below the Low reading benchmark2001: 3; 2021: 6024682005201020152020

Share of students in their fourth year of school (about 10) who score below 400 PIRLS points, the Low International Benchmark: finding an explicitly stated detail in a simple text. Computed as 100 minus the IEA-published percentage reaching 400 (whole percentages). The PIRLS scale was set in 2001: 500 is the mean of that cycle's countries and 100 points is one standard deviation; the test is repeated every 5 years, and a country's scores from different cycles are comparable when IEA includes them in its trend table. Year is the cycle year. In 2021, because of COVID-19, some countries tested the same children at the beginning of grade 5 (at least 4 months older: the United States, Ireland, Hungary, Croatia, Lithuania and others) and six tested a year later (England, Australia, Brazil, Iran, Israel, South Africa); about half the countries tested on computer (digitalPIRLS). Some countries test the next grade up (Norway, grade 5). Values IEA flags as not reliably measured (more than 25% of students too low to estimate) are left out. Russia took part in every cycle 2001-2021; Moscow City is a separate participant. Figures come from the PIRLS 2021 trend tables; for countries absent there, from the PIRLS 2016 report. Source: IEA, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.

Source: IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)

Adult literacy (PIAAC)

270 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Adult literacy (PIAAC)2012: 270; 2023: 270010020030020152020

Mean literacy score of adults aged 16-65 in the OECD PIAAC test (reading and understanding texts). Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Adult numeracy (PIAAC)

277 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Adult numeracy (PIAAC)2012: 272; 2023: 277010020030020152020

Mean numeracy score of adults aged 16-65 in the OECD PIAAC test. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Literacy of young adults aged 16-24 (PIAAC)

281 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Literacy of young adults aged 16-24 (PIAAC)2012: 279; 2023: 281010020030020152020

Mean literacy score of 16-24 year-olds. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Literacy of adults aged 55-65 (PIAAC)

257 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Literacy of adults aged 55-65 (PIAAC)2012: 254; 2023: 257010020030020152020

Mean literacy score of 55-65 year-olds. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Numeracy of young adults aged 16-24 (PIAAC)

282 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Numeracy of young adults aged 16-24 (PIAAC)2012: 275; 2023: 282010020030020152020

Mean numeracy score of 16-24 year-olds. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Numeracy of adults aged 55-65 (PIAAC)

265 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Numeracy of adults aged 55-65 (PIAAC)2012: 256; 2023: 265010020030020152020

Mean numeracy score of 55-65 year-olds. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Adults with low literacy (PIAAC)

20.4 % of adults 16-65 latest value, 2023

Germany: Adults with low literacy (PIAAC)2012: 17.8; 2023: 20.4051015202520152020

Share of adults aged 16-65 at Level 1 or below in PIAAC literacy: they can handle only short, simple texts. In cycle 1 the share is of adults with a score (missing cases for language or reading difficulties excluded), as in the OECD 2023 trend tables. Adults aged 16-65, PIAAC scale 0-500. Year = year of data collection: cycle 1 - 2012 (Russia, Japan, Finland, US, ...), 2015 (Chile, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey), 2017 (Hungary, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Kazakhstan and a separate US sample); cycle 2 - 2023 (fieldwork 2022-23, tablets only). The OECD treats literacy and numeracy as comparable across cycles (linked scales); the linking error is about 3 points. Cycle 1 values are as originally published (the 2023 report did not re-estimate them). For countries in both cycles 2023 excludes adults who only did the doorstep interview because of a language barrier, as in the OECD trend tables; for cycle-2-only countries (Latvia, Portugal, Switzerland, Croatia) the headline values are used. Belgium (only Flanders took part) and the UK (England, Northern Ireland) are not in the catalog. Russia: 2012, sample without Moscow; Russia did not take part in cycle 2.

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

Adaptive problem solving of adults (PIAAC)

261 PIAAC score points latest value, 2023

Germany: Adaptive problem solving of adults (PIAAC)2023: 261; 2023: 26101002003002020

Mean adaptive problem solving score of adults aged 16-65 - a new domain of PIAAC cycle 2 (2023): solving problems whose conditions change along the way. 2023 only: cycle 1 problem solving in technology-rich environments is a different domain with no common items, and the OECD says the two are not comparable. Values include adults who only did the doorstep interview (headline values of the report). Belgium and the UK are not included (only Flanders and England took part).

Source: OECD, PIAAC - Survey of Adult Skills

HBSC: problematic social media use, 15-year-olds

9 % of pupils latest value, 2022

Germany: HBSC: problematic social media use, 15-year-olds2018: 4; 2022: 902468102020

Share of 15-year-old pupils with six or more of the nine symptoms of the Social Media Disorder Scale (yes/no items: preoccupation, conflicts, lying about time spent and others). First asked in 2017/18. HBSC survey with the WHO Regional Office for Europe: pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 fill in a questionnaire in class, about 1500 per age group and country; waves 2013/14, 2017/18 and 2021/22 (charted at the end year). Value: prevalence for girls and boys combined, the value the HBSC data browser sorts countries by (its charts print whole percentages for girls and boys separately — those are in the education_hbsc dataset). The 2021/22 wave ran under COVID-19 with a relaxed age window (80% instead of 90% of pupils within half a year of the mean age). Participation varies: Russia 2013/14 and 2017/18, Ukraine up to 2017/18. England, Scotland, Wales and the two Belgian communities take part separately and are not shown here (they are in the dataset). Source: HBSC Data Browser; the same numbers are in the annexes of the WHO HBSC 2021/22 reports.

Source: HBSC — Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, WHO Regional Office for Europe collaborative study (HBSC Data Browser, waves 2013/14-2021/22)

HBSC: continuous online contact with friends and others, 15-year-olds

29 % of pupils latest value, 2022

Germany: HBSC: continuous online contact with friends and others, 15-year-olds2018: 30; 2022: 2901020302020

Share of 15-year-olds in online contact through social media "almost all the time throughout the day" with at least one of four groups: close friends, a larger friend group, friends met online, other people. A frequency of contact, not a symptom of addiction. First asked in 2017/18. HBSC survey with the WHO Regional Office for Europe: pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 fill in a questionnaire in class, about 1500 per age group and country; waves 2013/14, 2017/18 and 2021/22 (charted at the end year). Value: prevalence for girls and boys combined, the value the HBSC data browser sorts countries by (its charts print whole percentages for girls and boys separately — those are in the education_hbsc dataset). The 2021/22 wave ran under COVID-19 with a relaxed age window (80% instead of 90% of pupils within half a year of the mean age). Participation varies: Russia 2013/14 and 2017/18, Ukraine up to 2017/18. England, Scotland, Wales and the two Belgian communities take part separately and are not shown here (they are in the dataset). Source: HBSC Data Browser; the same numbers are in the annexes of the WHO HBSC 2021/22 reports.

Source: HBSC — Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, WHO Regional Office for Europe collaborative study (HBSC Data Browser, waves 2013/14-2021/22)

HBSC: difficulty getting to sleep more than once a week, 15-year-olds

31 % of pupils latest value, 2022

Germany: HBSC: difficulty getting to sleep more than once a week, 15-year-olds2014: 21; 2022: 3101020304020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who had difficulty getting to sleep more than once a week in the last six months ("about every day" or "more than once a week" of five options). A complaint about falling asleep, not sleep duration. HBSC survey with the WHO Regional Office for Europe: pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 fill in a questionnaire in class, about 1500 per age group and country; waves 2013/14, 2017/18 and 2021/22 (charted at the end year). Value: prevalence for girls and boys combined, the value the HBSC data browser sorts countries by (its charts print whole percentages for girls and boys separately — those are in the education_hbsc dataset). The 2021/22 wave ran under COVID-19 with a relaxed age window (80% instead of 90% of pupils within half a year of the mean age). Participation varies: Russia 2013/14 and 2017/18, Ukraine up to 2017/18. England, Scotland, Wales and the two Belgian communities take part separately and are not shown here (they are in the dataset). Source: HBSC Data Browser; the same numbers are in the annexes of the WHO HBSC 2021/22 reports.

Source: HBSC — Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, WHO Regional Office for Europe collaborative study (HBSC Data Browser, waves 2013/14-2021/22)

HBSC: pressured by schoolwork, 15-year-olds

45 % of pupils latest value, 2022

Germany: HBSC: pressured by schoolwork, 15-year-olds2014: 31; 2022: 450102030405020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who feel pressured by the schoolwork they have to do "some" or "a lot" (options: not at all, a little, some, a lot). HBSC survey with the WHO Regional Office for Europe: pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 fill in a questionnaire in class, about 1500 per age group and country; waves 2013/14, 2017/18 and 2021/22 (charted at the end year). Value: prevalence for girls and boys combined, the value the HBSC data browser sorts countries by (its charts print whole percentages for girls and boys separately — those are in the education_hbsc dataset). The 2021/22 wave ran under COVID-19 with a relaxed age window (80% instead of 90% of pupils within half a year of the mean age). Participation varies: Russia 2013/14 and 2017/18, Ukraine up to 2017/18. England, Scotland, Wales and the two Belgian communities take part separately and are not shown here (they are in the dataset). Source: HBSC Data Browser; the same numbers are in the annexes of the WHO HBSC 2021/22 reports.

Source: HBSC — Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, WHO Regional Office for Europe collaborative study (HBSC Data Browser, waves 2013/14-2021/22)

HBSC: like school a lot, 15-year-olds

15 % of pupils latest value, 2022

Germany: HBSC: like school a lot, 15-year-olds2014: 18; 2022: 150510152020152020

Share of 15-year-olds who answered "I like it a lot" to "how do you feel about school at present" (four options, down to "I don't like it at all"). HBSC survey with the WHO Regional Office for Europe: pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 fill in a questionnaire in class, about 1500 per age group and country; waves 2013/14, 2017/18 and 2021/22 (charted at the end year). Value: prevalence for girls and boys combined, the value the HBSC data browser sorts countries by (its charts print whole percentages for girls and boys separately — those are in the education_hbsc dataset). The 2021/22 wave ran under COVID-19 with a relaxed age window (80% instead of 90% of pupils within half a year of the mean age). Participation varies: Russia 2013/14 and 2017/18, Ukraine up to 2017/18. England, Scotland, Wales and the two Belgian communities take part separately and are not shown here (they are in the dataset). Source: HBSC Data Browser; the same numbers are in the annexes of the WHO HBSC 2021/22 reports.

Source: HBSC — Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, WHO Regional Office for Europe collaborative study (HBSC Data Browser, waves 2013/14-2021/22)

Education and work

Unemployment aged 25-29: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)

13 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-29: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)1992: 11; 2025: 1301020301995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-29 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-29: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)

4.3 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-29: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)1992: 6.3; 2025: 4.30510151995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-29 with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-29: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)

4.5 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-29: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)1992: 4.6; 2025: 4.5024681995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-29 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-64: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)

8 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-64: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)1992: 9.9; 2025: 805101520251995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-64 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-64: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)

3 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-64: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)1992: 6.6; 2025: 30510151995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-64 with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-64: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)

3 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-64: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)1992: 4.1; 2025: 302461995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-64 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_urgaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-29: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)

60.9 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-29: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)1992: 64.1; 2025: 60.90204060801995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-29 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-29: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)

84.7 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-29: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)1992: 75.6; 2025: 84.70204060801001995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-29 with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-29: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)

86.6 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-29: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)1992: 86.3; 2025: 86.60204060801001995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-29 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-64: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)

62.8 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-64: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (Eurostat)1992: 51.4; 2025: 62.80204060801995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-64 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-64: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)

83.3 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-64: upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (Eurostat)1992: 70.4; 2025: 83.30204060801001995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-64 with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Employment aged 25-64: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)

88.2 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-64: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (Eurostat)1992: 83.7; 2025: 88.20204060801001995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-64 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. EU Labour Force Survey, annual average of quarters. ISCED 2011 levels: 0-2 up to lower secondary, 3-4 upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary, 5-8 tertiary including short-cycle. Unemployment is relative to the labour force (students not seeking work are outside it), employment to the whole population of the group. Break and low-reliability flags are in the labour_education_eurostat dataset. Source: Eurostat, lfsa_ergaed.

Source: Eurostat — EU Labour Force Survey: unemployment and employment by education (lfsa_urgaed, lfsa_ergaed)

Unemployment aged 25-34: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (OECD)

12.3 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-34: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (OECD)1989: 28; 2025: 12.301020301990200020102020

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-34 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Unemployment aged 25-34: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (OECD)

3.9 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-34: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (OECD)1989: 6.9; 2025: 3.90510151990200020102020

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-34 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Unemployment aged 25-34: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (OECD)

4 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25-34: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (OECD)1989: 6.2; 2025: 4024681990200020102020

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25-34 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Employment aged 25-34: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (OECD)

59.6 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-34: below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) (OECD)1989: 41.7; 2025: 59.60204060801990200020102020

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-34 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Employment aged 25-34: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (OECD)

85.5 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-34: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) (OECD)1989: 73.4; 2025: 85.50204060801001990200020102020

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-34 with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3-4) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Employment aged 25-34: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (OECD)

88.1 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25-34: tertiary (ISCED 5-8) (OECD)1989: 84.2; 2025: 88.10204060801001990200020102020

Employed as a share of the whole population, people aged 25-34 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education. OECD Education at a Glance, from national labour force surveys. Standard errors (mostly from 2015) and break flags are in the labour_education_oecd dataset. The OECD age band 25-34 differs from Eurostat's 25-29.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Earnings aged 25-64, tertiary (ISCED 5-8) relative to upper secondary (OECD)

153 % (upper secondary = 100) latest value, 2024

Germany: Earnings aged 25-64, tertiary (ISCED 5-8) relative to upper secondary (OECD)2014: 158; 2024: 15305010015020020152020

Earnings of full-time full-year workers aged 25-64 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education as a percentage of the earnings of similar workers with upper secondary education (= 100). OECD Education at a Glance; earnings come from surveys or tax and register data, the reference year lags by one or two years in some countries. All earners (not only full-time) are in the labour_education_oecd dataset.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Earnings aged 25-64, below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) relative to upper secondary (OECD)

80 % (upper secondary = 100) latest value, 2024

Germany: Earnings aged 25-64, below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) relative to upper secondary (OECD)2014: 84; 2024: 8002040608010020152020

Earnings of full-time full-year workers aged 25-64 with below upper secondary (ISCED 0-2) education as a percentage of the earnings of similar workers with upper secondary education (= 100). OECD Education at a Glance; earnings come from surveys or tax and register data, the reference year lags by one or two years in some countries. All earners (not only full-time) are in the labour_education_oecd dataset.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Earnings aged 25-34, tertiary (ISCED 5-8) relative to upper secondary (OECD)

129 % (upper secondary = 100) latest value, 2024

Germany: Earnings aged 25-34, tertiary (ISCED 5-8) relative to upper secondary (OECD)2014: 140; 2024: 12905010015020152020

Earnings of full-time full-year workers aged 25-34 with tertiary (ISCED 5-8) education as a percentage of the earnings of similar workers with upper secondary education (= 100). OECD Education at a Glance; earnings come from surveys or tax and register data, the reference year lags by one or two years in some countries. All earners (not only full-time) are in the labour_education_oecd dataset.

Source: OECD — Education at a Glance database, labour market outcomes by educational attainment

Unemployment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)

7.7 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)1992: 9.7; 2025: 7.705101520251995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Unemployment aged 25 and over: intermediate education (ILO)

2.9 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25 and over: intermediate education (ILO)1992: 6.6; 2025: 2.90510151995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with intermediate education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Unemployment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)

2.9 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)1992: 4.1; 2025: 2.902461995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 25 and over with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Unemployment aged 15-24: basic education (ILO)

11.2 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 15-24: basic education (ILO)1992: 6.8; 2025: 11.2051015201995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 15-24 with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Unemployment aged 15-24: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)

5.8 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Germany: Unemployment aged 15-24: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)1992: 5.9; 2025: 5.80510151995200020052010201520202025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force, people aged 15-24 with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, UNE_DEAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Employment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)

43.8 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25 and over: basic education (ILO)1992: 33.9; 2025: 43.8010203040501995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the population, people aged 25 and over with basic education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, EMP_DWAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

Employment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)

70.7 % of population latest value, 2025

Germany: Employment aged 25 and over: advanced (tertiary) education (ILO)1992: 74.6; 2025: 70.70204060801995200020052010201520202025

Employed as a share of the population, people aged 25 and over with advanced (tertiary) education. ILO (ILOSTAT) from national labour force and other surveys: a country appears only in years with a survey; these are not ILO modelled estimates. Levels are the ILO aggregate of national classifications (by ISCED): basic up to lower secondary, intermediate upper secondary and post-secondary, advanced tertiary. Unreliable flags and survey type are in the labour_education_ilostat dataset. Source: ILO, EMP_DWAP_SEX_AGE_EDU_RT_A.

Source: ILO, ILOSTAT — unemployment and employment by level of education (national surveys)

In-depth checks

This country has in-depth checks against archives of national projections:

Same region: Europe

AlbaniaAndorraAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFaroe IslandsFinlandFranceGibraltarGreeceGuernseyHoly SeeHungaryIcelandIrelandIsle of ManItalyJerseyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom