North Korea

Births

342k

births per year, 2023

Total fertility rate

1.78

children per woman, 2023

Median age

years, 2023

UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrants, share

0.2

% of population, 2024

Internet users

% of population, 2004

World Bank, World Development Indicators

Electricity demand per person

1,023

kWh per person a year, 2024

Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

What the data shows

Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.

How the indicators changed

Fertility (TFR): 4.99 in 1950 → 1.78 in 2023 (−64%). Threshold: below 2.1 since 1996. The trend broke around 1968 and 1995: +0.01 → −0.06 → −0.01 a year.
Births: 452k in 1950 → 342k in 2023 (−24%). Peak: 549k in 1967; the latest value is 38% lower. The trend broke around 1970 and 1976: +12.5k → −21.4k → −1.42k a year.
Population: 11.1M in 1950 → 26.4M in 2023 (+138%). Low: 10.2M in 1953; ×2.6 since then. The trend broke around 1956 and 1996: −2.75k → +315k → +126k a year.
Internet: 0% in 1990 → 0% in 2004 (0 pp).
Urban share: 40.6% in 1960 → 64.2% in 2025 (+24 pp). Threshold: above 50% since 1967. The trend broke around 1971: change slowed down (+1.4 → +0.12 a year).
Net migration: on average −69.3k a year in the 1950s, 0 a year in the 1960s, 0 a year in the 1970s, 0 a year in the 1980s, −1.8k a year in the 1990s, −2.92k a year in the 2000s, −3.09k a year in the 2010s, −1.79k a year in the 2020s.
Life expectancy, men: 11.4 years in 1950 → 71.5 years in 2023 (+60 years). Threshold: above 70 years since 2021. The trend broke around 1956: change slowed down (+6.8 → +0.48 a year).

What changed at the same time

The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1950–1960: 4.99 → 3.57. Over the same years: births 452k → 409k; population 11.1M → 11.7M; urban share 40.6% (1960); net migration −191k a year → 0 a year; life expectancy, men 11.4 years → 53.6 years; no data for the others in those years.
Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 1.88 → 1.78; births 338k → 342k; population 25.3M → 26.4M; urban share 60.9% → 63.5%; net migration −2.93k a year → −2k a year; life expectancy, men 69.2 years → 71.5 years; no data for the others in those years.

How the indicators relate

Fertility (TFR) and internet: too few common years with data (9) to speak of a relationship.
Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.81); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.23). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.

Against other countries

Order of events: fertility below 3: 1951; urban majority: 1967; fertility below 2.1: 1996. Fertility fell below 3 after the urban share passed 50% in 69% of 111 countries where the order is known; median gap 9 years. Fertility fell below 2.1 before half the population went online in 88% of 112 countries where the order is known.

Forecasts vs actual

Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 11 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in none; median gap −2.8%.
Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 1.67 (−6% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.64 (−8% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.14.
Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 6 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 5; median gap −1.4%.
The UN 1998 projection did not expect today's level (342k, 2023) before its horizon ended (2050).
The UN 2019 projection expected today's level (342k, 2023) only by 2025–2030: reality is at least 2 years ahead of it.
Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 264k (−23% vs 2023), 2100 — 158k (−54% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 52.4k.
Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 1 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 11; median gap +2.1%.
Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 25.8M (−2% vs 2023), 2100 — 19.5M (−26% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 12.7M.
Why the UN missed the population. The 1998 projection for 2023: 29M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 26.4M (−8.9%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +430k, births −920k, deaths −1.99M (more deaths than expected), migration −82.2k; the largest: deaths.
Why the UN missed the population. The 2010 projection for 2023: 25.6M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 26.4M (+3%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +641k, births −185k, deaths +361k (fewer deaths than expected), migration −35.6k; the largest: the starting population.
Net migration: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 2 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 9; median difference −1.82k a year. The biggest miss: the 2019 revision expected −3.72k a year for 2020–2025; the outcome was −1.82k a year (for the years of the period so far).
Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — −3.05k a year, 2050 — −2.82k a year, 2100 — −2.15k a year.
Life expectancy, men: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 11 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 1; median difference +2.6 years. The biggest miss: the 2004 revision expected 66.1 years for 2020–2025; the outcome was 71.2 years (for the years of the period so far).
Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 72.2 years, 2050 — 74.9 years, 2100 — 82.5 years.

UN projections vs actual

Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.

Population

persons, 1 July

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2023	25 years	29M	26.4M	−8.9%
UN 2000	2023	23 years	25.6M	26.4M	+3.2%
UN 2002	2023	21 years	24.5M	26.4M	+7.9%
UN 2004	2023	19 years	24M	26.4M	+10.2%
UN 2006	2023	17 years	25.1M	26.4M	+5.3%
UN 2008	2023	15 years	25M	26.4M	+5.6%
UN 2010	2023	13 years	25.6M	26.4M	+3%
UN 2012	2023	11 years	26.1M	26.4M	+1.2%
UN 2015	2023	8 years	26.1M	26.4M	+1.3%
UN 2017	2023	6 years	26.2M	26.4M	+1%
UN 2019	2023	4 years	26.1M	26.4M	+1.3%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	26.2M	26.4M	+1%

Births

births per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	388k	348k	−10.3%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	394k	348k	−11.8%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	346k	348k	+0.6%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	339k	348k	+2.5%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	347k	348k	+0.2%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	343k	348k	+1.3%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	361k	348k	−3.7%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	363k	348k	−4.3%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	362k	348k	−4%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	352k	348k	−1.4%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	339k	342k	+1%

Total fertility rate

children per woman

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	1.90	1.84	−3.1%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	2.10	1.84	−12.3%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	1.85	1.84	−0.5%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	1.85	1.84	−0.5%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	1.85	1.84	−0.5%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	1.85	1.84	−0.5%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	1.94	1.84	−5%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	1.94	1.84	−5.1%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	1.94	1.84	−4.9%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	1.89	1.84	−2.8%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	1.79	1.78	−0.6%

Deaths

thousand deaths per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	187	232	+24.1%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	242	232	−3.9%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	246	232	−5.7%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	255	232	−8.8%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	263	232	−11.6%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	262	232	−11.5%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	260	232	−10.8%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	241	232	−3.6%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	240	232	−3.4%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	231	232	+0.6%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	248	256	+3%

Infant mortality

deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	13.4	15.3	+14.4%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	25.9	15.3	−40.8%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	29.3	15.3	−47.7%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	32.5	15.3	−52.9%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	42.9	15.3	−64.2%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	42.7	15.3	−64.1%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	22.3	15.3	−31.2%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	17.8	15.3	−13.8%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	19.4	15.3	−20.9%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	14.2	15.3	+7.9%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	13.3	14.5	+9.6%

Net migration

persons per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	0	−1.82k	−2k a year
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	−2.03k	−1.82k	0k a year
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	−3.72k	−1.82k	+2k a year
UN 2022	2023	1 year	−2k	−2k	0k a year

Life expectancy at birth, women

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	79.7	75.6	−4.1 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	73.4	75.6	+2.2 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	72.2	75.6	+3.4 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	71.8	75.6	+3.8 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	72.2	75.6	+3.5 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	72.2	75.6	+3.5 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	74.2	75.6	+1.4 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	75.7	75.6	−0.1 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	75.7	75.6	0 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	76.5	75.6	−0.8 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	76.4	75.6	−0.7 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	76.3	75.7	−0.6 yrs

Life expectancy at birth, men

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	73.9	71.2	−2.7 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	69	71.2	+2.2 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	68	71.2	+3.2 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	66.1	71.2	+5.2 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	67.6	71.2	+3.6 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	67.6	71.2	+3.6 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	67.6	71.2	+3.7 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	68.7	71.2	+2.5 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	68.6	71.2	+2.6 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	69.4	71.2	+1.8 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	69.3	71.2	+2 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	71.1	71.5	+0.4 yrs

* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).

All indicators

Demography

Population

26.4M persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Births

342k births per year latest value, 2023

Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).

Deaths

256 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023

Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Natural change

86.2 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.

Rate of natural change

3.3 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.

Life expectancy at 65

16 years latest value, 2023

Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).

Infant mortality

14.5 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023

Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Total fertility rate

1.78 children per woman latest value, 2023

Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.

Life expectancy at birth, women

75.7 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Life expectancy at birth, men

71.5 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Median age

36 years latest value, 2023

Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).

Mean age of mothers at childbirth

28.8 years latest value, 2023

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).

Sex ratio at birth

106 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023

Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).

Adolescent fertility rate

0.5 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024

Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).

Old-age dependency

17.6 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020

Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).

Children under 15

5,014 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Children under 5

1,711 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 65 and over

3,178 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 80 and over

636 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Migration

Net migration

−2k persons per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Net migration rate

−0.08 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.

International migrants, share

0.2 % of population latest value, 2024

People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).

International migrant stock

50.4k persons latest value, 2024

Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).

Emigrants, share

0.2 % of home population latest value, 2024

People from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries, as a percentage of the population living in the country (UN, International Migrant Stock 2024).

Emigrant stock

46.4k persons latest value, 2024

Number of people from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries at mid-year (UN).

Refugees hosted

0 persons, end of year latest value, 2015

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate (incl. people in refugee-like situations) and other people in need of international protection living in the country; asylum-seekers and internally displaced people are not included.

Refugees hosted per 1,000 people

0 per 1,000 population latest value, 2015

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate and other people in need of international protection living in the country, per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Refugees from the country

0.26k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country living abroad (UNHCR). Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate are not included, so the figure for Palestine is far too low.

Refugees from the country per 1,000 people

0 per 1,000 population of the country latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country per 1,000 people living in it (UNHCR; population: UN WPP 2024). UNRWA refugees not included.

Source: Eurostat, beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of June 2026 (latest month published; the year is not over)

Citizens under temporary protection in Europe

0 thousand persons, end of year latest value, 2026

Citizens of the country under temporary protection in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (all 31 report from 2022), end of December. For the running year: the latest month all have published. Granted from March 2022 to people fleeing the war in Ukraine: almost all are Ukrainians; for other countries, their citizens who lived in Ukraine. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm.

Economy

Unemployment, ILO estimate

3.5 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force by the ILO's single definition: a modelled estimate for every country, including those without surveys (via the World Bank). Unlike the IMF series, one definition for all, but no projections.

Youth unemployment, 15-24

7.9 % of labour force aged 15-24 latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force aged 15-24 (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Society

Urban population

64.2 % of population latest value, 2025

Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).

Tertiary enrolment, women

18 % gross latest value, 2018

Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).

Female labour force participation

77.7 % of women 15+ latest value, 2025

Share of women aged 15+ who work or look for work (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Life expectancy at birth

73.7 years latest value, 2024

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).

Digitalisation

Internet users

0 % of population latest value, 2004

Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.

Mobile cellular subscriptions

24.1 per 100 people latest value, 2022

Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.

Energy

Electricity demand per person

1,023 kWh per person a year latest value, 2024

Electricity demand (generation plus net imports, Ember) divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. A physical measure that is hard to dress up.

Electricity demand growth

1.4 % per year latest value, 2024

Change in electricity demand from the previous year (Ember). Useful to set against official GDP growth.

Wind and solar share of electricity

0.6 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of wind and solar power in electricity generation (Ember).

Low-carbon share of electricity

63.4 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of renewables and nuclear power in electricity generation (Ember).

Coal share of electricity

34.1 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of coal power in electricity generation (Ember).

Carbon intensity of electricity

341 g CO2e per kWh latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation per kilowatt-hour (Ember).

Electricity generation

27.1 TWh per year latest value, 2024

Total electricity generation in the country (Ember). Imports are excluded. A volume, not the share of a fuel.

Electricity generation emissions

9.2 Mt CO2e per year latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation (Ember), not of the whole economy.

Source: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

Security

Deaths in organised violence

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in state-based conflict, non-state conflict and one-sided violence against civilians, by where the events took place (UCDP GED, best estimate). 0 means no organised violence above UCDP thresholds (25 deaths a year in one conflict). Events in Gaza and the West Bank are counted for Palestine.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Deaths in organised violence per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in organised violence (UCDP GED) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Armed conflict in the country

0 0 none, 1 minor, 2 war latest value, 2025

Strongest armed conflict of the year in which the government or territory of the country is disputed (UCDP/PRIO ACD): 1 = 25-999 battle-related deaths, 2 = war, 1,000 or more. In interstate conflicts every primary party is marked even if the fighting was elsewhere (the USA in Iraq, 2003). Historical states are mapped to present-day countries by territory (USSR, Yugoslavia, South Vietnam and others).

Source: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset 26.1

Battle deaths

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Soldiers and civilians killed in combat in state-based armed conflicts on the territory of the country. 1946-1988: PRIO Battle Deaths (best estimate, else the low one; a conflict of several countries split equally); from 1989: UCDP GED by place of the events. For the same conflicts in 1989-2008 PRIO is 1.6 times UCDP, so the drop in 1989 is partly a change of source. One-sided violence against civilians is not included.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Battle deaths per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Battle deaths on the territory of the country (PRIO to 1988, UCDP GED from 1989) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024), from 1950.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Purchases and money

Average dietary energy requirement

2,403 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Average dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Variation in habitual caloric consumption distribution

0.26 No latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FS, Coefficient of variation of habitual caloric consumption distribution (real number). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Alcoholic beverages: energy supply

51.03 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Alcoholic Beverages. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Alcoholic beverages: quantity supply

8 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: energy supply

118.53 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Animal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: fat supply

7.6 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: protein supply

11.77 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: energy supply

4.57 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Bovine Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: quantity supply

0.81 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: energy supply

1,255.44 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Cereals - Excluding Beer. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: quantity supply

174.17 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: energy supply

1.06 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Coffee and products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: quantity supply

0.38 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: energy supply

15.35 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Eggs. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: quantity supply

4.41 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: energy supply

22.94 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: fat supply

0.94 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: protein supply

3.54 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: quantity supply

12.3 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: energy supply

76.79 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Fruits - Excluding Wine. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: quantity supply

58.61 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: energy supply

64.4 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: fat supply

4.34 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: protein supply

6.25 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: quantity supply

13.81 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: energy supply

6.62 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: fat supply

0.37 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: protein supply

0.3 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: quantity supply

3.5 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: energy supply

3.49 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Treenuts. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: quantity supply

0.6 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: energy supply

1,862.58 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: fat supply

26.21 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: protein supply

45.17 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: energy supply

32.58 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Pigmeat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: quantity supply

4.99 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: energy supply

6.29 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Poultry Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: quantity supply

1.54 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: energy supply

92.22 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Pulses. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: quantity supply

10.65 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: energy supply

77.16 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Starchy Roots. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: quantity supply

36.96 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: energy supply

41.29 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Sugar & Sweeteners. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: quantity supply

4.03 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: energy supply

0 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Tea (including mate). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: quantity supply

0 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: energy supply

1,981.11 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Grand Total. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: fat supply

33.82 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: protein supply

56.94 g/cap/d latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: energy supply

139.64 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetable Oils. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: quantity supply

5.67 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: energy supply

90.07 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetables. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: quantity supply

121.5 kg/cap latest value, 2018

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Minimum dietary energy requirement

1,857 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Minimum dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Caloric losses at retail distribution

3.15 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Incidence of caloric losses at retail distribution level (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Health

Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

3.9 litres per person aged 15+ latest value, 2020

Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.

Anaemia among women aged 15–49

27.5 % latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Overweight among children under 5

3.3 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are overweight (modelled estimates) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

19.1 % of children under 5 latest value, 2017

Prevalence of stunting is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.

Source: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

Wasting among children under 5

2.5 % latest value, 2017

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years affected by wasting (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Reported COVID-19 cases

0 by report dates in year latest value, 2022

Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Reported COVID-19 deaths

0 by report dates in year latest value, 2022

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

9.9 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.

Source: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months

71.4 % latest value, 2017

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

12.8 per 1,000 people latest value, 2018

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.

Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

4.4 per 1,000 people latest value, 2017

Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.

Source: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

Obesity among adults aged 18+

12 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of obesity in the adult population (18 years and older) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

3.6 per 1,000 people latest value, 2017

Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.

Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

24.2 per 100,000 people latest value, 2019

Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.

Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

9.3 per 100,000 people latest value, 2021

Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population. Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).

Source: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

15.6 % of adults latest value, 2024

The percentage of the population ages 15 years and over who currently use any tobacco product (smoked and/or smokeless tobacco) on a daily or non-daily basis. Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, cigarillos, waterpipes (hookah, shisha), bidis, kretek, heated tobacco products, and all forms of smokeless (oral and nasal) tobacco. Tobacco products exclude e-cigarettes (which do not contain tobacco), “e-cigars”, “e-hookahs”, JUUL and “e-pipes”. The rates are age-standardized to the WHO Standard Population.

Source: Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

47 % of population latest value, 2018

Prevalence of undernourishment is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.

Source: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

99 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

99 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Land and housing

Agricultural land (% of land area)

21.6 % of land area latest value, 2023

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Source: Agricultural land (% of land area)

Arable land (% of land area)

19.1 % of land area latest value, 2023

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Arable land (% of land area)

Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

3,609.8 kg per hectare latest value, 2024

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Source: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Land equipped for irrigation

1,460 1000 ha latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT RL, Land area equipped for irrigation. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Planted forest

1,596.67 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Planted Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Everyday environment

Air transport, passengers carried

3,690 passengers per year latest value, 2023

Air carrier data per country refers to passengers carried by airlines registered in that country regardless of the origin or destination of the passengers.

Source: Air transport, passengers carried

Access to electricity (% of population)

61.4 % of population latest value, 2024

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Source: Access to electricity (% of population)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

14.7 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2023

Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Forest area (% of land area)

49.6 % of land area latest value, 2023

Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Source: Forest area (% of land area)

Land temperature anomaly

2.26 °C latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

21.8 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

66.6 % of population latest value, 2023

The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.

Source: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

27.7 % of available freshwater resources latest value, 2022

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Source: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

Work and skills

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

100 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2008

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

Children out of school (% of primary school age)

0.5 % of primary-school-age children latest value, 2009

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Source: Children out of school (% of primary school age)

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

79.2 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed.

Source: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

82.2 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Source: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

97.1 % of relevant age group latest value, 2009

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Source: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

56.8 % of employment latest value, 2025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Source: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

100 % of people aged 15-24 latest value, 2008

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

Science, space and technology

Patent applications, residents

6,937 applications per year latest value, 2020

Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.

Source: Patent applications, residents

Patent applications by origin, worldwide

6,957 applications per year latest value, 2024

All applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at any patent office worldwide — at home and abroad (direct filings and PCT national phase entries). Country = first applicant's address (origin), not the filing office. Applications, not grants; one invention filed in five countries counts five times. Residents' filings at their own office are a separate series, resident_patent_applications. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

Patent applications abroad by origin

21 applications per year latest value, 2024

Applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at foreign and regional offices (such as the European Patent Office): how much the country's inventions seek protection in other markets. Country = first applicant's address; applications, not grants. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

PCT international patent applications

4 applications per year latest value, 2025

International applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) by filing date and first applicant's country. One PCT application defers the choice of countries where the invention will be protected; it is neither a patent nor a filing at a particular office. The incomplete current year is excluded. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

Orbital launches

0 launches a year latest value, 2025

Orbital launch attempts in the year, successful and failed together. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Failed orbital launches

0 launches a year latest value, 2025

Orbital launches in the year that failed to reach the intended orbit (GCAT code F; partial failures coded F are included). Counted from the country's first launch attempt. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Satellites and spacecraft put into orbit

0 payloads a year latest value, 2025

Payloads (satellites, crewed and cargo ships, probes; no rocket stages, debris or dummies) put into orbit by successful launches in the year. The country is the payload owner in GCAT, not the rocket's country: a Turkish satellite on a Falcon 9 is Turkey. Thousands of Starlink satellites since 2019 are the US. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Communities and participation

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

17.6 % of seats latest value, 2025

Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Religion and beliefs

Christians — population share

0.4 % of population latest value, 2020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians — population

100 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population share

72.9 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population

19,040 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population share

1.5 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population

400 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population share

25.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population

6,590 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity — country rank

62 rank among 201 latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity index

4.7 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means seven equal groups; 0 means everyone belongs to one group. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious composition: balance between two groups

7.7 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means two equal groups, which may be any two religions. It is not an affiliated/unaffiliated index. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population share

27.1 % of population latest value, 2020

Macroscope calculation: total population minus Unaffiliated. A subtotal of six religious groups, not an eighth group or a count of believers in God. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population

7,090 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians among immigrants — share

26.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among immigrants — population

10 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — share

4.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share

57.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — population

30 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — share

9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — share

0.8 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — share

0.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — share

1.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — share

21.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — population

30 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — share

4.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share

21.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — population

20 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — share

45.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — population

50 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among emigrants — share

0.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — share

0 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — share

7.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Catholics — population, 2010 estimate

40 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Protestants — population, 2010 estimate

440 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Internet and communication freedom

Communication restrictions: documented cases

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Cases documented by Access Now / #KeepItOn in the reporting calendar year. Ongoing restrictions count in each year they persist, not only when they begin. Country denotes the affected location, not necessarily the imposing actor. Detection coverage varies; missing country-years are not filled with zero. Counts do not measure affected people, disconnected hours or censorship severity. Subcategories overlap. A subcategory zero means no explicit positive flags among the country-year records; unknown attributes remain in the detailed data.

Full-network restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Service-based restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Intentional throttling

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Mobile internet restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Broadband internet restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Phone-call restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Facebook restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2016

X / Twitter restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2016

Restrictions linked to protests

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Restrictions linked to elections

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Restrictions linked to conflict

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017

Restrictions linked to exams

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2017