Somalia

Births

789k

births per year, 2023

Total fertility rate

6.13

children per woman, 2023

Median age

15.4

years, 2023

UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrants, share

0.4

% of population, 2024

Internet users

27.9

% of population, 2024

World Bank, World Development Indicators

GDP per capita, PPP

1,404

constant 2021 international $, 2025

World Bank, World Development Indicators

Electricity demand per person

kWh per person a year, 2024

Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

What the data shows

Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.

How the indicators changed

Fertility (TFR): 7.25 in 1950 → 6.13 in 2023 (−15%). Peak: 7.66 in 1997; the latest value is 20% lower. The trend broke around 1976 and 2004: −0.01 → +0.02 → −0.08 a year.
Births: 112k in 1950 → 789k in 2023 (×7.1). The trend broke around 1969: change sped up (+2.73k → +8.84k a year).
Population: 2.21M in 1950 → 18.4M in 2023 (×8.3). The trend broke around 1996 and 2015: +128k → +328k → +575k a year.
Internet: 0% in 1990 → 27.9% in 2024 (+28 pp). Threshold: above 10% since 2020. Fastest growth in 2019–2024: 2.7% → 27.9%.
Urban share: 17.7% in 1960 → 55.1% in 2025 (+37 pp). Threshold: above 50% since 2018. The trend broke around 2007: change sped up (+0.32 → +1.2 a year).
GDP per person (PPP): 837 PPP dollars in 1991 → 1,404 PPP dollars in 2025 (+68%). Low: 635 PPP dollars in 1994; +121% since then. The trend broke around 2001 and 2018: −14 → +48 → −11 a year.
GDP growth: on average 3.3% in the 2010s, 2.3% in the 2020s. Lowest: −2.8% in 2020; highest: 9.5% in 2017.
Inflation: on average 2.6% in the 2010s, 5.4% in the 2020s. Lowest: 0% in 2016; highest: 6.8% in 2022.
Net migration: on average −0.53k a year in the 1950s, 1.27k a year in the 1960s, 98k a year in the 1970s, −75.3k a year in the 1980s, −62.3k a year in the 1990s, −11.2k a year in the 2000s, −20.1k a year in the 2010s, 16.7k a year in the 2020s.
Life expectancy, men: 40 years in 1950 → 56.3 years in 2023 (+16 years). Low: 23.7 years in 1991; +33 years since then.

What changed at the same time

The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 2013–2023: 7.14 → 6.13. Over the same years: births 614k → 789k; population 12.9M → 18.4M; internet 1.5% → 26.1%; urban share 41.3% → 54.1%; GDP per person (PPP) 1,198 PPP dollars → 1,402 PPP dollars; GDP growth 5.7% → 4.2%; inflation 2.8% → 6.2%; net migration 20.7k a year → 46.2k a year; life expectancy, men 52.1 years → 56.3 years.

How the indicators relate

Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2023, 27 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.86); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.18). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.
Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are noticeably related, in opposite directions (r = −0.54); year-to-year changes are related too (r = −0.55). Changes line up from year to year too, which is more than a shared trend.
Fertility (TFR) and GDP per person (PPP) (1991–2023, 33 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.92); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = −0.08). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.

Against other countries

Fertility (TFR), adjusted for income: countries with the same GDP per person (1,402 PPP dollars) typically have 4.88; here it is 6.13, higher than in 80% of countries at this income (2023, 197 countries).
Internet, adjusted for income: countries with the same GDP per person (1,409 PPP dollars) typically have 25.4%; here it is 27.9%, about the same as most countries at this income (2024, 177 countries).

Forecasts vs actual

Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 11; median gap +10%.
The UN 1998 projection expected this level (6.13) already around 2008: reality is 15 years behind it.
The UN 2022 projection expected this level (6.13) already around 2022: reality is 1 year behind it.
Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 3.60 (−41% vs 2023), 2100 — 2.19 (−64% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.69.
Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 2 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 9; median gap +38%.
The UN 2000 projection expected this level (789k) already around 2019: reality is 4 years behind it.
The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (789k, 2023) only by 2025: reality is at least 2 years ahead of it.
Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 1.07M (+36% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.06M (+34% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 566k.
Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 3 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 9; median gap +19%.
The UN 1998 projection expected this level (18.4M) already around 2019: reality is 4 years behind it.
The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (18.4M, 2023) only by 2024: reality is at least 1 year ahead of it.
Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 37.2M (+103% vs 2023), 2100 — 67.4M (×3.7 vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 49.4M.
Why the UN missed the population. The 1998 projection for 2023: 20.2M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 18.4M (−9.2%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population −916k, births −775k, deaths +467k (fewer deaths than expected), migration −640k; the largest: the starting population.
Why the UN missed the population. The 2010 projection for 2023: 13.4M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 18.4M (+38%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +2.93M, births +2.63M, deaths −688k (more deaths than expected), migration +102k; the largest: the starting population.
Population: the IMF and the UN disagree. The IMF (April 2026) puts it at 12.2M in 2013, the UN (WPP 2024) at 12.9M: the IMF is 5% lower. Part of the gap may come from whom and which territory each counts.
GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (13 editions, 2017–2023). On average the outcome was 1 pp below the forecast; below it in 54% of cases; typical error ±1.6 pp. The biggest miss was for 2020: IMF, April 2019 expected 3.5%, the outcome was −2.8%.
GDP growth: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2025 — 3%, 2027 — 3.1%, 2031 — 4.2%.
Inflation: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2025 — 3.7%, 2027 — 4.5%, 2031 — 3.2%.
Net migration: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 12 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in none; median difference +13k a year. The biggest miss: the 2022 revision expected −30k a year for 2023; the outcome was 46.2k a year.
Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 11.1k a year, 2050 — −25k a year, 2100 — −40.2k a year.
Life expectancy, men: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 5 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 7; median difference −1.3 years. The biggest miss: the 2017 revision expected 57.2 years for 2020–2025; the outcome was 54.1 years (for the years of the period so far).
Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 57.3 years, 2050 — 59.9 years, 2100 — 65.5 years.

Wars and births

War of 1978–1978 on the country's territory (UCDP/PRIO). Against peace-time countries whose fertility was close the year before the war (Madagascar, Benin, Burundi, Senegal, Algeria and 5 more), net of each country's pre-war trend: births during the war +2.4%, 1–5 years after it +23%, 6–10 years after +33%; fertility (children per woman) during the war +0.18, 1–5 years after it +0.40, 6–10 years after +0.98.
War of 1988–1992 on the country's territory (UCDP/PRIO; about 24 thousand battle deaths). Against peace-time countries whose fertility was close the year before the war (South Sudan, Malawi, Oman, Benin, Zambia and 5 more), net of each country's pre-war trend: births during the war −14%, 1–5 years after it −27%, 6–10 years after −28%; fertility (children per woman) during the war +0.08, 1–5 years after it +0.19, 6–10 years after +0.18.
War of 2007–2025 on the country's territory (UCDP/PRIO; about 39 thousand battle deaths). Against peace-time countries whose fertility was close the year before the war (Malawi, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Guinea, Zambia and 5 more), net of each country's pre-war trend: births during the war −10%; fertility (children per woman) during the war −0.07. The war lasted more than 10 years: its first 10 years are compared, the years after it are not (the pre-war trend is too old).
All wars together: of 101 wars on countries' territory since 1955, births 1–5 years after the end were above comparable peace-time countries in 42% of cases (median −1.6%). No significant post-war rise shows up.

UN projections vs actual

Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.

Population

persons, 1 July

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2023	25 years	20.2M	18.4M	−9.2%
UN 2000	2023	23 years	19.9M	18.4M	−7.8%
UN 2002	2023	21 years	19.7M	18.4M	−6.9%
UN 2004	2023	19 years	13.2M	18.4M	+39.1%
UN 2006	2023	17 years	13.1M	18.4M	+39.7%
UN 2008	2023	15 years	13.2M	18.4M	+38.7%
UN 2010	2023	13 years	13.4M	18.4M	+37.5%
UN 2012	2023	11 years	13.9M	18.4M	+31.6%
UN 2015	2023	8 years	13.5M	18.4M	+35.5%
UN 2017	2023	6 years	17.6M	18.4M	+4.3%
UN 2019	2023	4 years	17.3M	18.4M	+5.9%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	18.1M	18.4M	+1.2%

Births

births per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	683k	696k	+2%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	750k	696k	−7.2%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	739k	696k	−5.8%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	429k	696k	+62.4%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	428k	696k	+62.8%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	458k	696k	+52%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	488k	696k	+42.6%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	504k	696k	+38.3%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	498k	696k	+39.9%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	644k	696k	+8.1%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	775k	789k	+1.8%

Total fertility rate

children per woman

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	5.00	6.72	+34.3%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	6.08	6.72	+10.5%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	6.13	6.72	+9.6%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	5.14	6.72	+30.8%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	5.14	6.72	+30.8%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	5.75	6.72	+16.9%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	6.23	6.72	+7.8%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	6.10	6.72	+10.1%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	6.12	6.72	+9.7%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	6.12	6.72	+9.7%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	6.10	6.13	+0.6%

Deaths

thousand deaths per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	205	185	−9.7%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	204	185	−9.4%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	201	185	−8.1%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	151	185	+22.7%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	156	185	+18.6%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	150	185	+22.9%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	152	185	+21.4%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	134	185	+37.7%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	131	185	+41.3%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	165	185	+12.2%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	188	181	−3.9%

Infant mortality

deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	85.9	82.2	−4.3%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	86.1	82.2	−4.6%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	85.9	82.2	−4.4%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	94.2	82.2	−12.7%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	98.1	82.2	−16.2%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	92.7	82.2	−11.4%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	92.4	82.2	−11.1%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	70.9	82.2	+16%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	69.9	82.2	+17.7%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	69.3	82.2	+18.6%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	64.3	66.3	+3.1%

Net migration

persons per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	0	7.99k	+8k a year
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	−5k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	−5k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	−5k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	−4.99k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	−4.99k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	−5k	7.99k	+13k a year
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	−30k	7.99k	+38k a year
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	−30k	7.99k	+38k a year
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	−30k	7.99k	+38k a year
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	−30k	7.99k	+38k a year
UN 2022	2023	1 year	−30k	46.2k	+76k a year

Life expectancy at birth, women

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	58.6	58.6	0 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	58.5	58.6	+0.1 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	58.6	58.6	0 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	56.4	58.6	+2.2 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	55.5	58.6	+3 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	57	58.6	+1.6 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	57.2	58.6	+1.3 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	59.9	58.6	−1.3 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	59.9	58.6	−1.3 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	60.7	58.6	−2.1 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	60.1	58.6	−1.5 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	59.5	61.4	+1.9 yrs

Life expectancy at birth, men

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	55.4	54.1	−1.3 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	55.4	54.1	−1.3 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	55.4	54.1	−1.3 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	53.6	54.1	+0.5 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	52.7	54.1	+1.4 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	53.8	54.1	+0.3 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	53.7	54.1	+0.4 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	56.5	54.1	−2.4 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	56.5	54.1	−2.4 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	57.2	54.1	−3.1 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	56.6	54.1	−2.5 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	55.3	56.3	+1 yrs

* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).

IMF forecasts vs actual

Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.

Real GDP growth

% per year

Actual (IMF)
WEO, April editions

Indicator	Forecasts	Mean error	Mean absolute error	Actual below forecast
Real GDP growth	13	−1 pp	1.6 pp	54%
Inflation	4	+2 pp	2 pp	0%
Government budget balance	6	+1 pp	1 pp	17%

All indicators

Demography

Population

18.4M persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Births

789k births per year latest value, 2023

Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).

Deaths

181 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023

Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Natural change

608.2 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.

Rate of natural change

33.1 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.

Life expectancy at 65

13.5 years latest value, 2023

Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).

Infant mortality

66.3 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023

Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Total fertility rate

6.13 children per woman latest value, 2023

Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.

Life expectancy at birth, women

61.4 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Life expectancy at birth, men

56.3 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Median age

15.4 years latest value, 2023

Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).

Mean age of mothers at childbirth

29.4 years latest value, 2023

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).

Sex ratio at birth

104.4 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023

Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).

Adolescent fertility rate

115.4 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024

Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).

Old-age dependency

6.4 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020

Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).

Children under 15

8,570 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Children under 5

3,412 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 65 and over

471 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 80 and over

48 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Migration

Net migration

46.2k persons per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Net migration rate

2.52 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.

Personal remittances received

3 % of GDP latest value, 1983

Money sent home by people working or living abroad, percent of the receiving country's GDP (World Bank, from IMF balance of payments data).

International migrants, share

0.4 % of population latest value, 2024

People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).

International migrant stock

78k persons latest value, 2024

Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).

Emigrants, share

10.2 % of home population latest value, 2024

People from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries, as a percentage of the population living in the country (UN, International Migrant Stock 2024).

Emigrant stock

1.94M persons latest value, 2024

Number of people from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries at mid-year (UN).

Refugees hosted

21k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate (incl. people in refugee-like situations) and other people in need of international protection living in the country; asylum-seekers and internally displaced people are not included.

Refugees hosted per 1,000 people

1.1 per 1,000 population latest value, 2025

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate and other people in need of international protection living in the country, per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Refugees from the country

892k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country living abroad (UNHCR). Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate are not included, so the figure for Palestine is far too low.

Refugees from the country per 1,000 people

45.4 per 1,000 population of the country latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country per 1,000 people living in it (UNHCR; population: UN WPP 2024). UNRWA refugees not included.

Source: Eurostat, beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of June 2026 (latest month published; the year is not over)

Citizens under temporary protection in Europe

0.1 thousand persons, end of year latest value, 2026

Citizens of the country under temporary protection in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (all 31 report from 2022), end of December. For the running year: the latest month all have published. Granted from March 2022 to people fleeing the war in Ukraine: almost all are Ukrainians; for other countries, their citizens who lived in Ukraine. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm.

Asylum applications worldwide

0.19 new applications per 1,000 people latest value, 2025

New asylum applications lodged in the country in the year per 1,000 people (UNHCR; cases where a country counts cases rather than people; population: UN WPP 2024). All countries; for Europe there is also Eurostat's series of first-time applicants.

Economy

GDP per capita, PPP

1,404 constant 2021 international $ latest value, 2025

Gross domestic product per person at purchasing power parity, constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank, ICP).

Real GDP growth

4.1 % per year latest value, 2024

Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.

Inflation

5.5 % per year, average latest value, 2024

Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).

Unemployment, ILO estimate

18.9 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force by the ILO's single definition: a modelled estimate for every country, including those without surveys (via the World Bank). Unlike the IMF series, one definition for all, but no projections.

Youth unemployment, 15-24

34.2 % of labour force aged 15-24 latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force aged 15-24 (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

GDP per capita, US dollars

737 current US dollars latest value, 2024

GDP per person in current US dollars at market exchange rates (IMF WEO).

Government budget balance

−0.3 % of GDP latest value, 2025

General government net lending (+, surplus) or borrowing (−, deficit), percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Current account balance

−8.9 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Balance of trade in goods and services, income and transfers with the rest of the world, percent of GDP: plus means the country earns abroad more than it spends (IMF WEO).

Society

Urban population

55.1 % of population latest value, 2025

Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).

Tertiary enrolment, women

1 % gross latest value, 1987

Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).

Women with upper secondary education

3.6 % of women 25+ latest value, 2022

Share of women aged 25+ who completed at least upper secondary education (UNESCO).

Female labour force participation

20.7 % of women 15+ latest value, 2025

Share of women aged 15+ who work or look for work (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Life expectancy at birth

59 years latest value, 2024

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).

Digitalisation

Internet users

27.9 % of population latest value, 2024

Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.

Mobile cellular subscriptions

54 per 100 people latest value, 2023

Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.

Fixed broadband subscriptions

0.7 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2023

Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.

Energy

Electricity demand per person

23 kWh per person a year latest value, 2024

Electricity demand (generation plus net imports, Ember) divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. A physical measure that is hard to dress up.

Electricity demand growth

2.4 % per year latest value, 2024

Change in electricity demand from the previous year (Ember). Useful to set against official GDP growth.

Wind and solar share of electricity

20.9 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of wind and solar power in electricity generation (Ember).

Low-carbon share of electricity

20.9 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of renewables and nuclear power in electricity generation (Ember).

Coal share of electricity

0 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of coal power in electricity generation (Ember).

Carbon intensity of electricity

530 g CO2e per kWh latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation per kilowatt-hour (Ember).

Electricity generation

0.4 TWh per year latest value, 2024

Total electricity generation in the country (Ember). Imports are excluded. A volume, not the share of a fuel.

Electricity generation emissions

0.2 Mt CO2e per year latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation (Ember), not of the whole economy.

Security

Military expenditure

1.6 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Government military expenditure, percent of GDP (World Bank, from SIPRI).

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

Deaths in organised violence

3,872 persons a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in state-based conflict, non-state conflict and one-sided violence against civilians, by where the events took place (UCDP GED, best estimate). 0 means no organised violence above UCDP thresholds (25 deaths a year in one conflict). Events in Gaza and the West Bank are counted for Palestine.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Deaths in organised violence per 100,000

19.7 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in organised violence (UCDP GED) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Armed conflict in the country

2 0 none, 1 minor, 2 war latest value, 2025

Strongest armed conflict of the year in which the government or territory of the country is disputed (UCDP/PRIO ACD): 1 = 25-999 battle-related deaths, 2 = war, 1,000 or more. In interstate conflicts every primary party is marked even if the fighting was elsewhere (the USA in Iraq, 2003). Historical states are mapped to present-day countries by territory (USSR, Yugoslavia, South Vietnam and others).

Source: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset 26.1

Battle deaths

3,095 persons a year latest value, 2025

Soldiers and civilians killed in combat in state-based armed conflicts on the territory of the country. 1946-1988: PRIO Battle Deaths (best estimate, else the low one; a conflict of several countries split equally); from 1989: UCDP GED by place of the events. For the same conflicts in 1989-2008 PRIO is 1.6 times UCDP, so the drop in 1989 is partly a change of source. One-sided violence against civilians is not included.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Battle deaths per 100,000

15.7 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Battle deaths on the territory of the country (PRIO to 1988, UCDP GED from 1989) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024), from 1950.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Purchases and money

Average dietary energy requirement

2,192 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Average dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Variation in habitual caloric consumption distribution

0.36 No latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Coefficient of variation of habitual caloric consumption distribution (real number). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

38.7 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2014

Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

43.6 % of men aged 15+ latest value, 2014

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

33.7 % of women aged 15+ latest value, 2014

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

133.3 % of GDP latest value, 2025

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

625.3 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2025

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

Minimum dietary energy requirement

1,705 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Minimum dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Caloric losses at retail distribution

2.58 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Incidence of caloric losses at retail distribution level (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Health

Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

0 litres per person aged 15+ latest value, 2020

Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.

Source: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

Anaemia among women aged 15–49

46.2 % latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Overweight among children under 5

2.5 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are overweight (modelled estimates) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

25.3 % of children under 5 latest value, 2009

Prevalence of stunting is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.

Source: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

Wasting among children under 5

14.3 % latest value, 2009

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years affected by wasting (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

COVID economic support index

0 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID containment and health index

32.4 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID government response

28.4 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID policy stringency

19.4 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

Reported COVID-19 cases

18,842 by report dates in year latest value, 2021

Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

5.8 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.

Source: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months

33.7 % latest value, 2018

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

79.5 % of population latest value, 2021

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. A household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

43.4 % of population latest value, 2021

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as severely food insecure. A household is classified as severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to several of the most severe experiences described in the FIES questions, such as to have been forced to reduce the quantity of the food, to have skipped meals, having gone hungry, or having to go for a whole day without eating because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

30.8 % of current health expenditure latest value, 2023

Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.

Source: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

3.7 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

Source: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

22.4 current US dollars latest value, 2023

Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.

Source: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

0.1 % of people aged 15-49 latest value, 2024

Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.

Source: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

0.9 per 1,000 people latest value, 2019

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.

Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

0.3 per 1,000 people latest value, 2014

Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.

Source: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

Obesity among adults aged 18+

14.9 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of obesity in the adult population (18 years and older) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

0 per 1,000 people latest value, 2014

Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.

Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

27.4 per 100,000 people latest value, 2019

Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.

Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

8 per 100,000 people latest value, 2021

Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population. Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).

Source: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

151 per 100,000 people latest value, 2024

Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.

Source: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

53.2 % of population latest value, 2023

Prevalence of undernourishment is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.

Source: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

70 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

64 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Land and housing

Agricultural land (% of land area)

70.3 % of land area latest value, 2023

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Source: Agricultural land (% of land area)

Arable land (% of land area)

1.8 % of land area latest value, 2023

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Arable land (% of land area)

Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

503.5 kg per hectare latest value, 2023

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Source: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Land equipped for irrigation

200 1000 ha latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT RL, Land area equipped for irrigation. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Planted forest

4 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Planted Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Everyday environment

Air transport, passengers carried

34,065.6 passengers per year latest value, 2019

Air carrier data per country refers to passengers carried by airlines registered in that country regardless of the origin or destination of the passengers.

Source: Air transport, passengers carried

Access to electricity (% of population)

54.4 % of population latest value, 2024

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Source: Access to electricity (% of population)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

0.1 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2022

Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Forest area (% of land area)

9.2 % of land area latest value, 2023

Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Source: Forest area (% of land area)

Land temperature anomaly

1.54 °C latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

18.5 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

16.4 % of population latest value, 2024

The percentage of people using improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines: ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.

Source: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

24.5 % of available freshwater resources latest value, 2022

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Source: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

Work and skills

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

54.1 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2022

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

Children in employment, total (% of children ages 7-14)

43.5 % of children aged 7-14 latest value, 2006

Children in employment refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey.

Source: Children in employment, total (% of children ages 7-14)

Children out of school (% of primary school age)

85.3 % of primary-school-age children latest value, 1980

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Source: Children out of school (% of primary school age)

Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

0 % of GDP latest value, 2023

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Source: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

27.4 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed.

Source: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

33.8 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Source: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

0 per 1,000 people aged 15-64 latest value, 2024

The number of newly registered firms with limited liability per 1,000 working-age people (ages 15-64) per calendar year.

Source: New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

46 % of employment latest value, 2025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Source: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

70.7 % of people aged 15-24 latest value, 2022

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)

51 % of youth aged 15-24 latest value, 2022

The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive).

Source: Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)

Science, space and technology

GitHub developer accounts at year end

64,612 accounts latest value, 2025

Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

GitHub git pushes

145,345 git pushes latest value, 2025

Sum of all four published quarters of git pushes. One push may include multiple commits. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

GitHub organizations at year end

1,651 organizations latest value, 2025

GitHub repositories at year end

93,902 repositories latest value, 2025