Eritrea

Births

99.1k

births per year, 2023

Total fertility rate

3.71

children per woman, 2023

Median age

18.7

years, 2023

UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrants, share

0.4

% of population, 2024

Internet users

14.3

% of population, 2020

World Bank, World Development Indicators

Electricity demand per person

127

kWh per person a year, 2024

Ember, Yearly Electricity Data

What the data shows

Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.

How the indicators changed

Fertility (TFR): 6.52 in 1950 → 3.71 in 2023 (−43%). The trend broke around 1987: direction reversed (0 → −0.09 a year).
Births: 36.2k in 1950 → 99.1k in 2023 (×2.7). The trend broke around 1986 and 2010: +1.27k → +0.71k → −0.08k a year.
Population: 815k in 1950 → 3.47M in 2023 (×4.3). The trend broke around 1998 and 2009: +29.8k → +69.7k → +36.8k a year.
Internet: 0% in 1990 → 14.3% in 2020 (+14 pp). Threshold: above 10% since 2019. Fastest growth in 2015–2020: 1.1% → 14.3%.
Urban share: 10.4% in 1960 → 34.5% in 2025 (+24 pp). The trend broke around 1988 and 2000: +0.18 → +1.6 → 0 a year.
GDP growth: on average 7.9% in the 1990s, −0.6% in the 2000s, 5.3% in the 2010s. Lowest: −20.6% in 2015; highest: 30.9% in 2014.
Inflation: on average 8.8% in the 1990s, 18.5% in the 2000s, 3.3% in the 2010s. Lowest: −14.4% in 2018; highest: 33.9% in 2009.
Net migration: on average 0.37k a year in the 1950s, 1.18k a year in the 1960s, 1.91k a year in the 1970s, −0.81k a year in the 1980s, −33.9k a year in the 1990s, −1.48k a year in the 2000s, −39.8k a year in the 2010s, −15.6k a year in the 2020s.
Life expectancy, men: 31.3 years in 1950 → 66.5 years in 2023 (+35 years). Low: 28.7 years in 1957; +38 years since then. The trend broke around 1984: change sped up (+0.3 → +0.7 a year).

What changed at the same time

The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1995–2005: 5.94 → 4.93. Over the same years: births 79.9k → 96.8k; population 2.03M → 2.66M; internet 0% (1995); urban share 27.2% → 35.1%; GDP growth 2.3% → 2.6%; inflation 12% → 12.5%; net migration 136k a year → −12.8k a year; life expectancy, men 53.4 years → 58.9 years.
Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 4.34 → 3.71; births 97.5k → 99.1k; population 3.07M → 3.47M; internet 0.9% (2013); urban share 35.7% → 34.7%; GDP growth −10.5% (2013); inflation 6.3% (2013); net migration −34k a year → −15.3k a year; life expectancy, men 63 years → 66.5 years.

How the indicators relate

Fertility (TFR) and internet (1990–2020, 25 years): levels are noticeably related, in opposite directions (r = −0.55); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.05).
Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.92); year-to-year changes are related too (r = −0.68). Changes line up from year to year too, which is more than a shared trend.

Forecasts vs actual

Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 1 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 9; median gap +1.4%.
The UN 1998 projection expected this level (3.71) already around 2015: reality is 8 years behind it.
The UN 2019 projection expected today's level (3.71, 2023) only by 2025–2030: reality is at least 2 years ahead of it.
Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 2.60 (−30% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.95 (−47% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.45.
Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 11 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in none; median gap −51%.
Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 117k (+18% vs 2023), 2100 — 105k (+6% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 47.4k.
Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 12 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in none; median gap −50%.
The UN 1998 projection expected this level (3.47M) already around 1997: reality is 26 years behind it.
Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 5.7M (+64% vs 2023), 2100 — 8.44M (+143% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 5.82M.
Why the UN missed the population. The 1998 projection for 2023: 6.46M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 3.47M (−46%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population −1.16M, births −1.89M, deaths +789k (fewer deaths than expected), migration −718k; the largest: births.
Why the UN missed the population. The 2010 projection for 2023: 7.31M; the UN's 2024 estimate: 3.47M (−53%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population −2.31M, births −1.3M, deaths +262k (fewer deaths than expected), migration −493k; the largest: the starting population.
Population: the IMF and the UN disagree. The IMF (April 2026) puts it at 2.92M in 2006, the UN (WPP 2024) at 2.7M: the IMF is 8% higher. Part of the gap may come from whom and which territory each counts.
GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (24 editions, 2007–2018). On average the outcome was 0.8 pp above the forecast; below it in 42% of cases; typical error ±13.3 pp. The biggest miss was for 2014: IMF, October 2013 expected 1.9%, the outcome was 30.9%.
Inflation: IMF next-year forecasts (24 editions, 2007–2018). On average the outcome was 5.1 pp below the forecast; below it in 79% of cases; typical error ±11.8 pp. The biggest miss was for 2018: IMF, April 2017 expected 9%, the outcome was −14.4%.
Net migration: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 1 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 11; median difference −14.7k a year. The biggest miss: the 1998 revision expected 0 a year for 2020–2025; the outcome was −15.7k a year (for the years of the period so far).
Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — −5.15k a year, 2050 — −7.43k a year, 2100 — −7.16k a year.
Life expectancy, men: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 12 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in none; median difference +2.5 years. The biggest miss: the 2002 revision expected 58 years for 2020–2025; the outcome was 65.5 years (for the years of the period so far).
Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 68.1 years, 2050 — 71.9 years, 2100 — 80.4 years.

Wars and births

War of 1975–1991 on the country's territory (UCDP/PRIO; about 159 thousand battle deaths). Against peace-time countries whose fertility was close the year before the war (Namibia, Botswana, Eswatini, Benin, United Arab Emirates and 5 more), net of each country's pre-war trend: births during the war −2.8%; fertility (children per woman) during the war +0.28. The war lasted more than 10 years: its first 10 years are compared, the years after it are not (the pre-war trend is too old).
War of 1998–2000 on the country's territory (UCDP/PRIO; about 20 thousand battle deaths). Against peace-time countries whose fertility was close the year before the war (Tanzania, Gambia, Mozambique, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar and 5 more), net of each country's pre-war trend: births during the war +2.8%, 1–5 years after it +9%, 6–10 years after +16%; fertility (children per woman) during the war −0.10, 1–5 years after it −0.20, 6–10 years after −0.35.
All wars together: of 101 wars on countries' territory since 1955, births 1–5 years after the end were above comparable peace-time countries in 42% of cases (median −1.6%). No significant post-war rise shows up.

UN projections vs actual

Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.

Population

persons, 1 July

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2023	25 years	6.46M	3.47M	−46.3%
UN 2000	2023	23 years	6.79M	3.47M	−48.9%
UN 2002	2023	21 years	6.99M	3.47M	−50.4%
UN 2004	2023	19 years	7.04M	3.47M	−50.7%
UN 2006	2023	17 years	7.39M	3.47M	−53%
UN 2008	2023	15 years	7.13M	3.47M	−51.3%
UN 2010	2023	13 years	7.31M	3.47M	−52.5%
UN 2012	2023	11 years	8.33M	3.47M	−58.3%
UN 2015	2023	8 years	6.31M	3.47M	−45%
UN 2017	2023	6 years	5.8M	3.47M	−40.2%
UN 2019	2023	4 years	3.73M	3.47M	−6.9%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	3.75M	3.47M	−7.4%

Births

births per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	170k	93.9k	−44.8%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	195k	93.9k	−51.7%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	193k	93.9k	−51.4%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	200k	93.9k	−53.1%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	203k	93.9k	−53.7%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	186k	93.9k	−49.6%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	197k	93.9k	−52.3%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	241k	93.9k	−61.1%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	176k	93.9k	−46.7%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	161k	93.9k	−41.6%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	106k	99.1k	−6.8%

Total fertility rate

children per woman

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	3.52	4.08	+16%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	4.01	4.08	+1.8%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	3.70	4.08	+10.3%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	4.03	4.08	+1.2%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	4.03	4.08	+1.2%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	3.71	4.08	+10.1%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	3.84	4.08	+6.2%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	4.30	4.08	−5.1%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	4.03	4.08	+1.4%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	4.03	4.08	+1.3%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	3.71	3.71	0%

Deaths

thousand deaths per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	49	21	−57.6%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	62	21	−66.4%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	59	21	−64.7%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	51	21	−58.7%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	48	21	−56%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	43	21	−51.6%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	42	21	−49.7%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	42	21	−50.4%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	34	21	−37.6%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	34	21	−37.8%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	24	21	−13.3%

Infant mortality

deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	52.6	31.8	−39.5%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	55	31.8	−42.2%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	52.6	31.8	−39.5%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	45	31.8	−29.3%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	43.4	31.8	−26.8%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	42.6	31.8	−25.4%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	42.1	31.8	−24.4%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	32	31.8	−0.5%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	36.9	31.8	−13.9%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	34.7	31.8	−8.4%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	27.9	27.1	−2.9%

Net migration

persons per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	0	−15.7k	−16k a year
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	0	−15.7k	−16k a year
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	0	−15.7k	−16k a year
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	−1k	−15.7k	−15k a year
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	−1k	−15.7k	−15k a year
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	−1k	−15.7k	−15k a year
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	−1k	−15.7k	−15k a year
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	−1k	−15.7k	−15k a year
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	−7k	−15.7k	−9k a year
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	−7k	−15.7k	−9k a year
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	−16k	−15.7k	0k a year
UN 2022	2023	1 year	−15.3k	−15.3k	0k a year

Life expectancy at birth, women

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	65.7	69.8	+4 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	61.3	69.8	+8.4 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	60.3	69.8	+9.5 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	63.6	69.8	+6.2 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	65.3	69.8	+4.5 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	67.1	69.8	+2.6 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	68	69.8	+1.7 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	69.7	69.8	0 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	69.1	69.8	+0.6 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	70.1	69.8	−0.3 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	69.8	69.8	0 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	69.4	70.7	+1.3 yrs

Life expectancy at birth, men

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	62.7	65.5	+2.8 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	59.3	65.5	+6.2 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	58	65.5	+7.5 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	59.9	65.5	+5.6 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	61.3	65.5	+4.3 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	62.4	65.5	+3.1 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	63.2	65.5	+2.3 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	64.9	65.5	+0.6 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	64.6	65.5	+0.9 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	65.5	65.5	0 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	65.3	65.5	+0.3 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	65.2	66.5	+1.3 yrs

* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).

IMF forecasts vs actual

Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.

Real GDP growth

% per year

Actual (IMF)
WEO, April editions

Indicator	Forecasts	Mean error	Mean absolute error	Actual below forecast
Real GDP growth	24	+0.8 pp	13.3 pp	42%
Inflation	24	−5.1 pp	11.8 pp	79%
Government gross debt	17	+112.3 pp	112.3 pp	0%
Government budget balance	17	+10.7 pp	10.7 pp	0%

All indicators

Demography

Population

3.47M persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Births

99.1k births per year latest value, 2023

Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).

Deaths

21 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023

Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Natural change

78.1 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.

Rate of natural change

22.5 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.

Life expectancy at 65

14.8 years latest value, 2023

Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).

Infant mortality

27.1 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023

Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Total fertility rate

3.71 children per woman latest value, 2023

Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.

Life expectancy at birth, women

70.7 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Life expectancy at birth, men

66.5 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Median age

18.7 years latest value, 2023

Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).

Mean age of mothers at childbirth

29.2 years latest value, 2023

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).

Sex ratio at birth

103.2 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023

Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).

Adolescent fertility rate

65.2 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024

Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).

Old-age dependency

9.4 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020

Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).

Children under 15

1,342 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Children under 5

461 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 65 and over

144 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 80 and over

22 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Migration

Net migration

−15.3k persons per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Net migration rate

−4.41 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.

Personal remittances received

0.5 % of GDP latest value, 2000

Money sent home by people working or living abroad, percent of the receiving country's GDP (World Bank, from IMF balance of payments data).

International migrants, share

0.4 % of population latest value, 2024

People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).

International migrant stock

12.5k persons latest value, 2024

Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).

Emigrants, share

25.8 % of home population latest value, 2024

People from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries, as a percentage of the population living in the country (UN, International Migrant Stock 2024).

Emigrant stock

913k persons latest value, 2024

Number of people from the country (born there or its citizens) living in other countries at mid-year (UN).

Refugees hosted

0.12k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate (incl. people in refugee-like situations) and other people in need of international protection living in the country; asylum-seekers and internally displaced people are not included.

Refugees hosted per 1,000 people

0 per 1,000 population latest value, 2025

Refugees under UNHCR's mandate and other people in need of international protection living in the country, per 1,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Refugees from the country

555k persons, end of year latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country living abroad (UNHCR). Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate are not included, so the figure for Palestine is far too low.

Refugees from the country per 1,000 people

153.8 per 1,000 population of the country latest value, 2025

Refugees and other people in need of international protection from the country per 1,000 people living in it (UNHCR; population: UN WPP 2024). UNRWA refugees not included.

Source: Eurostat, beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of June 2026 (latest month published; the year is not over)

Citizens under temporary protection in Europe

0 thousand persons, end of year latest value, 2026

Citizens of the country under temporary protection in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (all 31 report from 2022), end of December. For the running year: the latest month all have published. Granted from March 2022 to people fleeing the war in Ukraine: almost all are Ukrainians; for other countries, their citizens who lived in Ukraine. Eurostat, migr_asytpsm.

Asylum applications worldwide

0 new applications per 1,000 people latest value, 2016

New asylum applications lodged in the country in the year per 1,000 people (UNHCR; cases where a country counts cases rather than people; population: UN WPP 2024). All countries; for Europe there is also Eurostat's series of first-time applicants.

Economy

Real GDP growth

3.8 % per year latest value, 2019

Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.

Inflation

1.3 % per year, average latest value, 2019

Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).

Government gross debt

260.4 % of GDP latest value, 2019

General government gross debt, percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Unemployment, ILO estimate

6 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force by the ILO's single definition: a modelled estimate for every country, including those without surveys (via the World Bank). Unlike the IMF series, one definition for all, but no projections.

Youth unemployment, 15-24

10.2 % of labour force aged 15-24 latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force aged 15-24 (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

GDP per capita, US dollars

567 current US dollars latest value, 2019

GDP per person in current US dollars at market exchange rates (IMF WEO).

Government budget balance

2.7 % of GDP latest value, 2019

General government net lending (+, surplus) or borrowing (−, deficit), percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Current account balance

13 % of GDP latest value, 2019

Balance of trade in goods and services, income and transfers with the rest of the world, percent of GDP: plus means the country earns abroad more than it spends (IMF WEO).

Society

Urban population

34.5 % of population latest value, 2025

Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).

Tertiary enrolment, women

2.6 % gross latest value, 2016

Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).

Female labour force participation

72.8 % of women 15+ latest value, 2025

Share of women aged 15+ who work or look for work (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Life expectancy at birth

68.9 years latest value, 2024

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).

Digitalisation

Internet users

14.3 % of population latest value, 2020

Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.

Mobile cellular subscriptions

59.1 per 100 people latest value, 2022

Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.

Fixed broadband subscriptions

0.2 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2022

Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.

Energy

Electricity demand per person

127 kWh per person a year latest value, 2024

Electricity demand (generation plus net imports, Ember) divided by the UN WPP 2024 population. A physical measure that is hard to dress up.

Electricity demand growth

−8.2 % per year latest value, 2024

Change in electricity demand from the previous year (Ember). Useful to set against official GDP growth.

Wind and solar share of electricity

11.1 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of wind and solar power in electricity generation (Ember).

Low-carbon share of electricity

11.1 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of renewables and nuclear power in electricity generation (Ember).

Coal share of electricity

0 % of generation latest value, 2024

Share of coal power in electricity generation (Ember).

Carbon intensity of electricity

591 g CO2e per kWh latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation per kilowatt-hour (Ember).

Electricity generation

0.5 TWh per year latest value, 2024

Total electricity generation in the country (Ember). Imports are excluded. A volume, not the share of a fuel.

Electricity generation emissions

0.3 Mt CO2e per year latest value, 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions of electricity generation (Ember), not of the whole economy.

Security

Military expenditure

20.9 % of GDP latest value, 2003

Government military expenditure, percent of GDP (World Bank, from SIPRI).

Source: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

Deaths in organised violence

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in state-based conflict, non-state conflict and one-sided violence against civilians, by where the events took place (UCDP GED, best estimate). 0 means no organised violence above UCDP thresholds (25 deaths a year in one conflict). Events in Gaza and the West Bank are counted for Palestine.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Deaths in organised violence per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Deaths in organised violence (UCDP GED) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024).

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Armed conflict in the country

0 0 none, 1 minor, 2 war latest value, 2025

Strongest armed conflict of the year in which the government or territory of the country is disputed (UCDP/PRIO ACD): 1 = 25-999 battle-related deaths, 2 = war, 1,000 or more. In interstate conflicts every primary party is marked even if the fighting was elsewhere (the USA in Iraq, 2003). Historical states are mapped to present-day countries by territory (USSR, Yugoslavia, South Vietnam and others).

Source: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset 26.1

Battle deaths

0 persons a year latest value, 2025

Soldiers and civilians killed in combat in state-based armed conflicts on the territory of the country. 1946-1988: PRIO Battle Deaths (best estimate, else the low one; a conflict of several countries split equally); from 1989: UCDP GED by place of the events. For the same conflicts in 1989-2008 PRIO is 1.6 times UCDP, so the drop in 1989 is partly a change of source. One-sided violence against civilians is not included.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Battle deaths per 100,000

0 per 100,000 people a year latest value, 2025

Battle deaths on the territory of the country (PRIO to 1988, UCDP GED from 1989) per 100,000 people (population: UN WPP 2024), from 1950.

Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), GED 26.1

Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

15.6 per 100,000 people latest value, 2012

An intentional homicide is defined as an unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.

Source: Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

Purchases and money

Average dietary energy requirement

2,266 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Average dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

98.2 % of GDP latest value, 2011

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

Minimum dietary energy requirement

1,752 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Minimum dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

6.3 % of gross national income latest value, 2000

Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Source: Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

Caloric losses at retail distribution

1.51 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Incidence of caloric losses at retail distribution level (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Health

Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

1.1 litres per person aged 15+ latest value, 2020

Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.

Anaemia among women aged 15–49

35.6 % latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Overweight among children under 5

2.8 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are overweight (modelled estimates) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

52.5 % of children under 5 latest value, 2010

Prevalence of stunting is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.

Source: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)

Wasting among children under 5

14.6 % latest value, 2010

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years affected by wasting (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

COVID economic support index

0 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID containment and health index

47.3 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID government response

41.4 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

COVID policy stringency

50.8 mean index 0–100 latest value, 2022

Mean daily national OxCGRT index with all days present, archived 2020–2022. Codes policies, not compliance, effectiveness or causal impact. Average follows source treatment of vaccination groups.

Source: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker

Reported COVID-19 cases

6,876 by report dates in year latest value, 2021

Sum of WHO weekly reports by report date in a completed year, requiring at least 50 nonmissing values. Reported events, not total infections/deaths. Negative revisions retained; testing and reporting coverage changed.

Source: WHO: reported COVID-19 data

Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

4.4 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.

Source: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months

68.7 % latest value, 2010

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

48.4 % of current health expenditure latest value, 2023

Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.

Source: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

3.7 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

Source: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

28.3 current US dollars latest value, 2023

Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.

Source: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

0.4 % of people aged 15-49 latest value, 2024

Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.

Source: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

1 per 1,000 people latest value, 2023

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.

Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Low birthweight

15.2 % latest value, 2020

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of low birthweight (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

1.5 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.

Source: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

Obesity among adults aged 18+

4.3 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of obesity in the adult population (18 years and older) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

0.1 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.

Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

37.9 per 100,000 people latest value, 2019

Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.

Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

13.2 per 100,000 people latest value, 2021

Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population. Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).

Source: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

115 per 100,000 people latest value, 2024

Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.

Source: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

95 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

93 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Culture and time

International tourism, receipts (current US$)

48,000,000 current US dollars latest value, 2016

International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: International tourism, receipts (current US$)

International tourism, number of arrivals

142,000 arrivals per year latest value, 2016

International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.

Source: International tourism, number of arrivals

Land and housing

Agricultural land (% of land area)

62.7 % of land area latest value, 2023

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Source: Agricultural land (% of land area)

Arable land (% of land area)

5.7 % of land area latest value, 2023

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Arable land (% of land area)

Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

638 kg per hectare latest value, 2024

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Source: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Land equipped for irrigation

21.59 1000 ha latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT RL, Land area equipped for irrigation. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Planted forest

10 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Planted Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Primary forest

0 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Primary Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Everyday environment

Air transport, passengers carried

45,104 passengers per year latest value, 2020

Air carrier data per country refers to passengers carried by airlines registered in that country regardless of the origin or destination of the passengers.

Source: Air transport, passengers carried

Access to electricity (% of population)

55.3 % of population latest value, 2024

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Source: Access to electricity (% of population)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

1.9 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2023

Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Forest area (% of land area)

8.6 % of land area latest value, 2023

Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Source: Forest area (% of land area)

Land temperature anomaly

0.3 °C latest value, 2022

FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

33.7 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

11.2 % of available freshwater resources latest value, 2022

The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture; forestry and fishing; manufacturing; electricity industry; and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity.

Source: Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources

Work and skills

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

64.7 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2008

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

Children out of school (% of primary school age)

40.4 % of primary-school-age children latest value, 2022

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Source: Children out of school (% of primary school age)

Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

2.1 % of GDP latest value, 2006

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Source: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

73.7 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed.

Source: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

78.3 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Source: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

61.3 % of relevant age group latest value, 2022

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Source: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

47.9 % of employment latest value, 2025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Source: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

87 % of people aged 15-24 latest value, 2008

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

Science, space and technology

GitHub developer accounts at year end

1,651 accounts latest value, 2025

Fourth-quarter end snapshot; includes inactive accounts/organizations/repositories. GitHub Innovation Graph: public GitHub activity only. Geography reflects mode location, not nationality. Suppressed small groups are not zeros; not a professional-programmer count.

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

GitHub repositories at year end

1,502 repositories latest value, 2025

Source: GitHub Innovation Graph

Patent applications abroad by origin

17 applications per year latest value, 2024

Applications for patents for inventions filed in a year by applicants from the country at foreign and regional offices (such as the European Patent Office): how much the country's inventions seek protection in other markets. Country = first applicant's address; applications, not grants. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

PCT international patent applications

1 applications per year latest value, 2013

International applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) by filing date and first applicant's country. One PCT application defers the choice of countries where the invention will be protected; it is neither a patent nor a filing at a particular office. The incomplete current year is excluded. WIPO IP Statistics Data Center (the last update is stated in the export file).

Source: WIPO IP Statistics Data Center

Communities and participation

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

22 % of seats latest value, 2019

Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Religion and beliefs

Christians — population share

46.7 % of population latest value, 2020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians — population

1,540 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population share

51.7 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population

1,700 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population share

1.1 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population

30 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population share

0.6 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population

20 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity — country rank

29 rank among 201 latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity index

6 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means seven equal groups; 0 means everyone belongs to one group. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious composition: balance between two groups

9.8 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means two equal groups, which may be any two religions. It is not an affiliated/unaffiliated index. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population share

98.9 % of population latest value, 2020

Macroscope calculation: total population minus Unaffiliated. A subtotal of six religious groups, not an eighth group or a count of believers in God. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population

3,260 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Government restrictions on religion

5.7 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023

Pew coding of published materials for 2023, 198 countries and territories. Scores from 0 to 10, not population percentages. GRI covers government restrictions; SHI covers hostile acts by private individuals and groups. They measure different things and must not be summed. North Korea is not scored due to insufficient reliable observations; missing is not no restrictions. Released June 15, 2026.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities

Social hostilities involving religion

0.1 index points (0–10) latest value, 2023

Source: Pew Research Center: religious restrictions and social hostilities

Christians among immigrants — share

72.8 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among immigrants — population

10 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — share

20.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share

4.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — share

0.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — share

0.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — share

0 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — share

2.2 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — share

57.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — population

480 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — share

36.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — population

300 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share

5.3 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — population

40 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — share

0 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among emigrants — share

0 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — share

0.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — share

0.4 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Catholics — population, 2010 estimate

240 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Protestants — population, 2010 estimate

40 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Eastern and Oriental Orthodox — population, 2010 estimate

3,030 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Internet and communication freedom

Communication restrictions: documented cases

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Cases documented by Access Now / #KeepItOn in the reporting calendar year. Ongoing restrictions count in each year they persist, not only when they begin. Country denotes the affected location, not necessarily the imposing actor. Detection coverage varies; missing country-years are not filled with zero. Counts do not measure affected people, disconnected hours or censorship severity. Subcategories overlap. A subcategory zero means no explicit positive flags among the country-year records; unknown attributes remain in the detailed data.

Full-network restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Service-based restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Intentional throttling

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Mobile internet restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Broadband internet restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Facebook restrictions

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

X / Twitter restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

WhatsApp restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Instagram restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Telegram restrictions

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Restrictions linked to protests

1 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Restrictions linked to elections

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Restrictions linked to conflict

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019

Restrictions linked to exams

0 documented cases a year latest value, 2019