World

Births

132M

births per year, 2023

Total fertility rate

2.25

children per woman, 2023

Median age

30.4

years, 2023

UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrants, share

3.7

% of population, 2024

Internet users

73.6

% of population, 2025

World Bank, World Development Indicators

GDP per capita, PPP

21,914

constant 2021 international $, 2025

World Bank, World Development Indicators

What the data shows

Computed with the same code as the observations under the main chart and in the API (get_insights). Moving together in time does not prove a cause.

How the indicators changed

Fertility (TFR): 4.85 in 1950 → 2.25 in 2023 (−54%). Peak: 5.31 in 1963; the latest value is 58% lower. The trend broke around 1965 and 1993: +0.01 → −0.07 → −0.02 a year.
Births: 91.8M in 1950 → 132M in 2023 (+44%). The trend broke around 1985 and 2017: +1.14M → +219k → −2.04M a year.
Population: 2.49B in 1950 → 8.09B in 2023 (×3.2).
Internet: 15.6% in 2005 → 73.6% in 2025 (+58 pp). Threshold: above 50% since 2019. Fastest growth in 2017–2022: 46.3% → 67%.
Urban share: 34.2% in 1960 → 57.8% in 2025 (+24 pp). Threshold: above 50% since 2007. The trend broke around 2018: change slowed down (+0.51 → +0.28 a year).
GDP per person (PPP): 11,275 PPP dollars in 1990 → 21,914 PPP dollars in 2025 (+94%). The trend broke around 1998: change sped up (+109 → +356 a year).
GDP growth: on average 3.2% in the 1980s, 3.0% in the 1990s, 3.7% in the 2000s, 3.7% in the 2010s, 3.0% in the 2020s. Lowest: −2.7% in 2020; highest: 6.7% in 2021.
Inflation: on average 15.5% in the 1980s, 19.7% in the 1990s, 4.2% in the 2000s, 3.5% in the 2010s, 5.6% in the 2020s. Lowest: 2.6% in 2009; highest: 39.8% in 1993.
Net migration: on average 0 a year in the 1950s, 0 a year in the 1960s, 0 a year in the 1970s, 0 a year in the 1980s, 0 a year in the 1990s, 0 a year in the 2000s, 0 a year in the 2010s, 0 a year in the 2020s.
Life expectancy, men: 44.5 years in 1950 → 70.5 years in 2023 (+26 years). Threshold: above 70 years since 2022.

What changed at the same time

The fastest decline of "Fertility (TFR)" was in 1968–1978: 4.96 → 3.79. Over the same years: births 122M → 122M; population 3.55B → 4.29B; urban share 36% → 38.6%; net migration 0 a year → 0 a year; life expectancy, men 53.6 years → 57.3 years; no data for the others in those years.
Over the last 10 years (2013–2023): fertility (TFR) 2.57 → 2.25; births 145M → 132M; population 7.29B → 8.09B; internet 35.3% → 69.2%; urban share 53.4% → 57.3%; GDP per person (PPP) 17,122 PPP dollars → 20,895 PPP dollars; GDP growth 3.4% → 3.3%; inflation 3.6% → 6.7%; net migration 0 a year → 0 a year; life expectancy, men 68.6 years → 70.5 years.

How the indicators relate

Fertility (TFR) and internet (2005–2023, 19 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.96); year-to-year changes are weakly related (r = −0.47).
Fertility (TFR) and urban share (1960–2023, 64 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.92); year-to-year changes are weakly related (r = −0.29).
Fertility (TFR) and GDP per person (PPP) (1990–2023, 34 years): levels are strongly related, in opposite directions (r = −0.91); year-to-year changes are weakly related (r = 0.36).

Forecasts vs actual

Fertility (TFR): past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 3 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 8; median gap +2.1%.
The UN 1998 projection expected this level (2.25) already around 2020: reality is 3 years behind it.
The UN 2008 projection expected today's level (2.25, 2023) only by 2025–2030: reality is at least 2 years ahead of it.
Fertility (TFR): UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 2.10 (−7% vs 2023), 2100 — 1.84 (−18% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 1.36.
Births: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 1 of 11 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 10; median gap +3.5%.
Births: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 133M (0% vs 2023), 2100 — 110M (−17% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 48.4M.
Population: past UN projections. The outcome was below the projection in 0 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and above in 12; median gap +2.7%.
The UN 1998 projection expected today's level (8.09B, 2023) only by 2030: reality is at least 7 years ahead of it.
The UN 2022 projection expected today's level (8.09B, 2023) only by 2024: reality is at least 1 year ahead of it.
Population: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2050 — 9.66B (+19% vs 2023), 2100 — 10.2B (+26% vs 2023); low variant for 2100: 6.99B.
Why the UN missed the population. The 1998 projection for 2023: 7.7B; the UN's 2024 estimate: 8.09B (+5.1%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +92.5M, births +264M, deaths +40.2M (fewer deaths than expected), migration 0; the largest: births.
Why the UN missed the population. The 2010 projection for 2023: 7.87B; the UN's 2024 estimate: 8.09B (+2.9%). Parts of the gap (plus means more people than projected): the starting population +126M, births +73.1M, deaths +28.4M (fewer deaths than expected), migration 0; the largest: the starting population.
GDP growth: IMF next-year forecasts (36 editions, 2007–2024). On average the outcome was 0.6 pp below the forecast; below it in 67% of cases; typical error ±1.2 pp. The biggest miss was for 2020: IMF, April 2019 expected 3.6%, the outcome was −2.7%.
GDP growth: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2026 — 3.1%, 2028 — 3.2%, 2031 — 3.1%.
Inflation: IMF next-year forecasts (36 editions, 2007–2024). On average the outcome was 0.6 pp above the forecast; below it in 44% of cases; typical error ±1.1 pp. The biggest miss was for 2022: IMF, April 2021 expected 3.2%, the outcome was 8.7%.
Inflation: latest IMF forecast (IMF, April 2026): 2026 — 4.4%, 2028 — 3.4%, 2031 — 3.2%.
Net migration: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 0 a year, 2050 — 0 a year, 2100 — 0 a year.
Life expectancy, men: past UN projections. The outcome was above the projection in 6 of 12 revisions (1998–2022) and below in 6; median difference +0.2 years. The biggest miss: the 2002 revision expected 66.8 years for 2020–2025; the outcome was 69.6 years (for the years of the period so far).
Life expectancy, men: UN 2024 projection (medium): 2030 — 71.8 years, 2050 — 74.7 years, 2100 — 79.8 years.

UN projections vs actual

Solid line: actual data, UN WPP 2024 estimates; births and fertility from national statistics from the last year they matched the UN estimate (the UN's figures for the latest years are partly its own projection). Dashed: medium variants of past UN revisions. The table shows what each revision expected for the latest year (or five-year period) with actual data.

Population

persons, 1 July

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2023	25 years	7.7B	8.09B	+5.1%
UN 2000	2023	23 years	7.8B	8.09B	+3.8%
UN 2002	2023	21 years	7.73B	8.09B	+4.7%
UN 2004	2023	19 years	7.78B	8.09B	+4%
UN 2006	2023	17 years	7.88B	8.09B	+2.7%
UN 2008	2023	15 years	7.88B	8.09B	+2.7%
UN 2010	2023	13 years	7.87B	8.09B	+2.9%
UN 2012	2023	11 years	7.94B	8.09B	+1.9%
UN 2015	2023	8 years	7.99B	8.09B	+1.3%
UN 2017	2023	6 years	8.03B	8.09B	+0.7%
UN 2019	2023	4 years	8.03B	8.09B	+0.8%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	8.05B	8.09B	+0.6%

Births

births per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	130M	141M	+9.1%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	136M	141M	+3.8%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	135M	141M	+4.4%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	137M	141M	+3.5%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	137M	141M	+2.9%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	136M	141M	+3.6%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	135M	141M	+4.4%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	139M	141M	+1.7%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	141M	141M	+0.5%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	141M	141M	+0.4%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	134M	132M	−1.6%

Total fertility rate

children per woman

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	2.29	2.46	+7.4%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	2.44	2.46	+1.1%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	2.41	2.46	+2.1%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	2.38	2.46	+3.2%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	2.37	2.46	+3.7%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	2.40	2.46	+2.7%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	2.39	2.46	+3%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	2.45	2.46	+0.4%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	2.47	2.46	−0.5%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	2.47	2.46	−0.5%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	2.31	2.25	−2.6%

Deaths

thousand deaths per year

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	60,125	58,081	−3.4%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	61,845	58,081	−6.1%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	66,876	58,081	−13.2%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	64,866	58,081	−10.5%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	63,029	58,081	−7.9%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	61,942	58,081	−6.2%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	60,950	58,081	−4.7%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	60,571	58,081	−4.1%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	58,888	58,081	−1.4%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	58,397	58,081	−0.5%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	60,760	61,652	+1.5%

Infant mortality

deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2015–2020	20 years	36.5	30.1	−17.4%
UN 2000	2015–2020	18 years	38.7	30.1	−22.2%
UN 2002	2015–2020	16 years	41.5	30.1	−27.4%
UN 2004	2015–2020	14 years	43.5	30.1	−30.7%
UN 2006	2015–2020	12 years	41.1	30.1	−26.7%
UN 2008	2015–2020	10 years	39.7	30.1	−24.1%
UN 2010	2015–2020	8 years	38.8	30.1	−22.4%
UN 2012	2015–2020	6 years	33.1	30.1	−8.9%
UN 2015	2015–2020	2 years	31.8	30.1	−5.1%
UN 2017	2015–2020	0 years	30.8	30.1	−2%
UN 2022	2023	1 year	26.7	27.3	+2%

Life expectancy at birth, women

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	74.3	74.9	+0.6 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	73.5	74.9	+1.4 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	71.4	74.9	+3.5 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	72.3	74.9	+2.6 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	73.2	74.9	+1.7 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	73.4	74.9	+1.5 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	73.8	74.9	+1.1 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	74.2	74.9	+0.7 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	74.9	74.9	0 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	75.3	74.9	−0.4 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	75.6	74.9	−0.7 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	76	75.9	−0.1 yrs

Life expectancy at birth, men

years

Actual
UN 1998
UN 2000
UN 2002
UN 2004
UN 2006
UN 2008
UN 2010
UN 2012
UN 2015
UN 2017
UN 2019
UN 2022
UN 2024, medium

Release	Target period	Horizon	Expected	Actual	Actual vs expected
UN 1998	2020–2025*	24 years	69.6	69.6	0 yrs
UN 2000	2020–2025*	22 years	69.1	69.6	+0.5 yrs
UN 2002	2020–2025*	20 years	66.8	69.6	+2.7 yrs
UN 2004	2020–2025*	18 years	67.7	69.6	+1.8 yrs
UN 2006	2020–2025*	16 years	68.6	69.6	+1 yrs
UN 2008	2020–2025*	14 years	68.9	69.6	+0.6 yrs
UN 2010	2020–2025*	12 years	69.2	69.6	+0.4 yrs
UN 2012	2020–2025*	10 years	69.7	69.6	−0.2 yrs
UN 2015	2020–2025*	8 years	70.5	69.6	−1 yrs
UN 2017	2020–2025*	6 years	70.7	69.6	−1.1 yrs
UN 2019	2020–2025*	4 years	70.8	69.6	−1.3 yrs
UN 2022	2023	1 year	70.8	70.5	−0.3 yrs

* The five-year period is not over: the projection is compared with the mean of its years so far (UN facts end in 2023).

IMF forecasts vs actual

Solid line: actual values from the latest IMF edition (data get revised, so we use the newest). Dashed: April editions, current year and five years ahead. The table covers next-year forecasts from all editions: mean error shows bias, mean absolute error shows accuracy.

Real GDP growth

% per year

Actual (IMF)
WEO, April editions

Indicator	Forecasts	Mean error	Mean absolute error	Actual below forecast
Real GDP growth	36	−0.6 pp	1.2 pp	67%
Inflation	36	+0.6 pp	1.1 pp	44%

All indicators

Demography

Population

8.09B persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Population on 1 July. UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024; past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Births

132M births per year latest value, 2023

Live births per calendar year. UN WPP 2024 and national statistics (64 countries, 2015-2025).

Deaths

61,652 thousand deaths per year latest value, 2023

Deaths per calendar year (UN estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Natural change

70,458.7 thousand persons per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year (UN). Negative: natural decrease, more deaths than births.

Rate of natural change

8.7 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Births minus deaths in the year per 1,000 people (UN). With the net migration rate it makes up population growth.

Life expectancy at 65

17.6 years latest value, 2023

Years a person aged 65 would still live at the mortality rates of the year; both sexes (UN).

Infant mortality

27.3 deaths under age 1 per 1,000 live births latest value, 2023

Children per 1,000 live births who die before their first birthday (UN); past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Total fertility rate

2.25 children per woman latest value, 2023

Average number of children a woman would have at the age-specific fertility rates of the year.

Life expectancy at birth, women

75.9 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn girl would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Life expectancy at birth, men

70.5 years latest value, 2023

Years a newborn boy would live at the mortality rates of the year (UN).

Median age

30.4 years latest value, 2023

Age that divides the population in two halves (UN).

Mean age of mothers at childbirth

28.2 years latest value, 2023

Mean age of mothers at the birth of their children of any order (UN).

Sex ratio at birth

105.5 boys per 100 girls latest value, 2023

Boys born per 100 girls born (UN).

Adolescent fertility rate

38.3 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 latest value, 2024

Births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women of that age (World Bank, from UN World Population Prospects).

Old-age dependency

16.4 persons 65+ per 100 aged 20-64 latest value, 2020

Persons aged 65+ per 100 aged 20-64, every five years (UN).

Children under 15

2,024,583 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-14 on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Children under 5

654,028 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

Children aged 0-4 on 1 July (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 65 and over

808,916 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 65 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 65-69 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

People aged 80 and over

160,124 thousand persons, 1 July latest value, 2023

People aged 80 and over on 1 July: the sum of the five-year groups from 80-84 to 100+ (UN; estimate to 2023, medium variant from 2024).

Migration

Net migration

0 persons per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year (UN estimate and projection). Past UN revisions for forecast checks.

Net migration rate

0 per 1,000 population per year latest value, 2023

Immigrants minus emigrants per year per 1,000 people: UN net migration divided by the population on 1 July. Comparable across countries of any size.

Personal remittances received

0.8 % of GDP latest value, 2025

Money sent home by people working or living abroad, percent of the receiving country's GDP (World Bank, from IMF balance of payments data).

International migrants, share

3.7 % of population latest value, 2024

People born in another country (foreign citizens where birthplace is not recorded) as a share of the population at mid-year (UN, every five years and 2024).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

International migrant stock

304M persons latest value, 2024

Number of people born in another country (or foreign citizens) living in the country at mid-year (UN).

Source: UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024

Economy

GDP per capita, PPP

21,914 constant 2021 international $ latest value, 2025

Gross domestic product per person at purchasing power parity, constant 2021 international dollars (World Bank, ICP).

Real GDP growth

3.4 % per year latest value, 2025

Annual change of GDP at constant prices. Actual values and forecasts from IMF WEO editions.

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Inflation

4.1 % per year, average latest value, 2025

Change of the annual average consumer price index (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026

Government gross debt

79.3 % of GDP latest value, 2010

General government gross debt, percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, September 2011

Unemployment, ILO estimate

4.8 % of labour force latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force by the ILO's single definition: a modelled estimate for every country, including those without surveys (via the World Bank). Unlike the IMF series, one definition for all, but no projections.

Youth unemployment, 15-24

13.4 % of labour force aged 15-24 latest value, 2025

Unemployed as a share of the labour force aged 15-24 (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Government budget balance

−5.9 % of GDP latest value, 2010

General government net lending (+, surplus) or borrowing (−, deficit), percent of GDP (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, September 2011

Current account balance

0.5 % of GDP latest value, 2010

Balance of trade in goods and services, income and transfers with the rest of the world, percent of GDP: plus means the country earns abroad more than it spends (IMF WEO).

Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, September 2011

Society

Urban population

57.8 % of population latest value, 2025

Share of people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices (World Bank, from UN World Urbanization Prospects).

Tertiary enrolment, women

46.5 % gross latest value, 2024

Women enrolled in tertiary education as a share of women in the five-year age group after secondary school; can exceed 100 (UNESCO).

Female labour force participation

48.9 % of women 15+ latest value, 2025

Share of women aged 15+ who work or look for work (ILO modelled estimate, via the World Bank).

Life expectancy at birth

73.5 years latest value, 2024

Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (World Bank, from UN and national statistics).

Digitalisation

Internet users

73.6 % of population latest value, 2025

Share of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months from any device. ITU data.

Mobile cellular subscriptions

111.5 per 100 people latest value, 2025

Active mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people; can exceed 100 when people have several SIM cards. ITU data.

Fixed broadband subscriptions

20.1 subscriptions per 100 people latest value, 2025

Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet (256 kbit/s or more) per 100 people. ITU data.

Google: search referral share

89.91 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Share of detected search-engine referrals to Statcounter network websites, all device types. Provider annual aggregate, not an average of monthly shares. Not a share of people, queries or time; zero-click searches are unobserved. Selected countries only; differently named provider columns remain separate.

bing: search referral share

4.02 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Yahoo!: search referral share

1.37 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

YANDEX: search referral share

2.24 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Baidu: search referral share

0.7 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

DuckDuckGo: search referral share

0.82 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

YANDEX RU: search referral share

0 % of search referrals latest value, 2025

Security

Military expenditure

2.5 % of GDP latest value, 2024

Government military expenditure, percent of GDP (World Bank, from SIPRI).

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

5.2 per 100,000 people latest value, 2023

An intentional homicide is defined as an unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.

Source: Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)

Purchases and money

Average dietary energy requirement

2,379 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Average dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

11.1 per 100,000 adults latest value, 2024

Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.

Source: Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

78.7 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

80.9 % of men aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

76.6 % of women aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Source: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

Food insecurity among female adults

23.6 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the female adult population (percent) (annual value). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Food insecurity among male adults

22.7 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the male adult population (percent) (annual value). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Food insecurity among rural adults

29.7 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the rural adult population (percent) (annual value). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Food insecurity among urban adults

22.3 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the urban adult population (percent) (annual value). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Alcoholic beverages: energy supply

62.27 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Alcoholic Beverages. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Alcoholic beverages: quantity supply

31.17 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: energy supply

536.18 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Animal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: fat supply

36.53 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Animal products: protein supply

38.88 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: energy supply

40.89 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Bovine Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Bovine meat: quantity supply

9.39 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: energy supply

1,280.1 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Cereals - Excluding Beer. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Cereals excluding beer: quantity supply

176.95 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: energy supply

1.7 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Coffee and products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Coffee and products: quantity supply

1.55 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: energy supply

37.82 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Eggs. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Eggs: quantity supply

10.69 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: energy supply

35.57 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Fish, Seafood. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: fat supply

1.44 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: protein supply

5.48 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fish and seafood: quantity supply

20 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: energy supply

119.11 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Fruits - Excluding Wine. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Fruits excluding wine: quantity supply

86.49 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: energy supply

214.44 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: fat supply

15.25 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: protein supply

19.17 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Meat: quantity supply

45.28 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: energy supply

171 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Milk - Excluding Butter. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: fat supply

9.49 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: protein supply

9.47 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Milk excluding butter: quantity supply

87.28 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: energy supply

16.04 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Treenuts. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Treenuts: quantity supply

3.65 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: energy supply

2,479.81 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetal Products. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: fat supply

53.28 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetal products: protein supply

53.59 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: energy supply

90.09 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Pigmeat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pigmeat: quantity supply

15.41 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: energy supply

68.86 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Poultry Meat. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Poultry meat: quantity supply

17.38 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: energy supply

68.18 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Pulses. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Pulses: quantity supply

7.67 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: energy supply

161.6 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Starchy Roots. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Starchy roots: quantity supply

70.09 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: energy supply

232.81 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Sugar & Sweeteners. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Sugar and sweeteners: quantity supply

26.2 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: energy supply

0.49 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Tea (including mate). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Tea including mate: quantity supply

4.15 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: energy supply

3,016 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Grand Total. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: fat supply

89.81 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

All foods: protein supply

92.47 g/cap/d latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: energy supply

321.42 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetable Oils. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetable oils: quantity supply

12.15 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: energy supply

109.12 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FBS, Vegetables. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Vegetables: quantity supply

148 kg/cap latest value, 2023

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Unable to afford a healthy diet

32.7 % latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT CAHD, Prevalence of unaffordability (PUA). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

People unable to afford a healthy diet

2,692.1 million No latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT CAHD, Number of people unable to afford a healthy diet (NUA). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

56.6 % of GDP latest value, 2024

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Source: Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)

Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

6,800.5 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2024

This field includes expenditure on goods and services by the Household and NPISH sector for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)

Minimum dietary energy requirement

1,838 kcal/cap/d latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT FS, Minimum dietary energy requirement (kcal/cap/day). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

9.1 % of gross national income latest value, 2021

Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Source: Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

10.4 % of population, 2021 PPP latest value, 2024

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

Source: Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

Health

Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

4.9 litres per person aged 15+ latest value, 2020

Total alcohol per capita consumption is defined as the total (sum of recorded and unrecorded alcohol) amount of alcohol consumed per person (15 years of age or older) over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol, adjusted for tourist consumption.

Source: Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)

Anaemia among women aged 15–49

30.7 % latest value, 2023

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Overweight among children under 5

5.5 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are overweight (modelled estimates) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Wasting among children under 5

6.6 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Percentage of children under 5 years affected by wasting (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

10.8 % of people aged 20-79 latest value, 2024

Diabetes prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages 20-79 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is calculated by adjusting to a standard population age-structure.

Source: Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)

Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months

47.4 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

28 % of population latest value, 2024

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. A household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

10.1 % of population latest value, 2024

The percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as severely food insecure. A household is classified as severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to several of the most severe experiences described in the FIES questions, such as to have been forced to reduce the quantity of the food, to have skipped meals, having gone hungry, or having to go for a whole day without eating because of a lack of money or other resources.

Source: Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

17.3 % of current health expenditure latest value, 2023

Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures. Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.

Source: Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

10.1 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

Source: Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

1,317.3 current US dollars latest value, 2023

Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.

Source: Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

0.7 % of people aged 15-49 latest value, 2024

Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV.

Source: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

3.3 per 1,000 people latest value, 2021

Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.

Source: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Low birthweight

14.7 % latest value, 2020

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of low birthweight (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

3.9 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses.

Source: Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)

Obesity among adults aged 18+

16.2 % latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT FS, Prevalence of obesity in the adult population (18 years and older) (percent). Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

1.9 per 1,000 people latest value, 2022

Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners.

Source: Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

16.7 per 100,000 people latest value, 2019

Mortality caused by road traffic injury is estimated road traffic fatal injury deaths per 100,000 population.

Source: Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)

Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

9.1 per 100,000 people latest value, 2021

Suicide mortality rate is the number of suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population. Crude suicide rate (not age-adjusted).

Source: Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)

Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

20.3 % of adults latest value, 2024

The percentage of the population ages 15 years and over who currently use any tobacco product (smoked and/or smokeless tobacco) on a daily or non-daily basis. Tobacco products include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, cigarillos, waterpipes (hookah, shisha), bidis, kretek, heated tobacco products, and all forms of smokeless (oral and nasal) tobacco. Tobacco products exclude e-cigarettes (which do not contain tobacco), “e-cigars”, “e-hookahs”, JUUL and “e-pipes”. The rates are age-standardized to the WHO Standard Population.

Source: Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)

Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

131 per 100,000 people latest value, 2024

Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.

Source: Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)

Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

8.5 % of population latest value, 2023

Prevalence of undernourishment is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.

Source: Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

84.8 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, DPT, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received DPT vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough), and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

84.3 % of children aged 12-23 months latest value, 2024

Child immunization, measles, measures the percentage of children ages 12-23 months who received the measles vaccination before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Source: Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)

Culture and time

International tourism, receipts (current US$)

1,863,068,555,520.5 current US dollars latest value, 2019

International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: International tourism, receipts (current US$)

International tourism, number of arrivals

2,403,074,088.5 arrivals per year latest value, 2019

International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival.

Source: International tourism, number of arrivals

Land and housing

Agricultural land (% of land area)

36.9 % of land area latest value, 2023

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Source: Agricultural land (% of land area)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)

4,263.6 constant 2015 US dollars latest value, 2025

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing corresponds to ISIC (Rev. 4) divisions 01-03 and includes the exploitation of vegetal and animal natural resources, comprising the activities of growing of crops, raising and breeding of animals, harvesting of timber and other plants, animals or animal products from a farm or their natural habitats.Value added is the contribution to the economy by a producer or an industry or an institutional sector, which is estimated by the total value of output produced and deducting the total value of intermediate consumption of goods and services used to produce that output. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Source: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)

Arable land (% of land area)

10.7 % of land area latest value, 2023

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Arable land (% of land area)

Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

3,954.9 kg per hectare latest value, 2024

Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. Most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year.

Source: Cereal yield (kg per hectare)

Land equipped for irrigation

354,701.15 1000 ha latest value, 2024

FAOSTAT RL, Land area equipped for irrigation. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Planted forest

314,351.61 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Planted Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Primary forest

1,176,479.49 1000 ha latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT RL, Primary Forest. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Everyday environment

Air transport, passengers carried

4,268,984,474 passengers per year latest value, 2023

Air carrier data per country refers to passengers carried by airlines registered in that country regardless of the origin or destination of the passengers.

Source: Air transport, passengers carried

Antarctic annual mean sea ice extent

10.633 million km² latest value, 2025

Fetterer et al. (2025), Sea Ice Index v4, DOI 10.7265/a98x-0f50. Northern/Southern Hemisphere are not countries. Extent counts whole grid cells with ice concentration ≥15%; area weights by concentration. Monthly satellite estimates in million km², not volume or land glaciers. Recent points may be preliminary. The published annual mean is calendar-day weighted and retained only with all 12 months present. Hemispheres are not summed into a universal climate index.

Antarctic February sea ice extent

2.218 million km² latest value, 2025

Antarctic September sea ice extent

17.636 million km² latest value, 2025

Arctic annual mean sea ice extent

10.13 million km² latest value, 2025

Arctic March sea ice extent

14.119 million km² latest value, 2025

Arctic September sea ice extent

4.747 million km² latest value, 2025

Source: Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

Methane: globally averaged concentration

1,935.94 ppb latest value, 2025

Published NOAA GML global annual mean from the marine surface reference network, dry-air mole fraction. Concentration, not annual emissions. Recent values are preliminary; source uncertainty retained in typed tables. Credit NOAA GML and data authors Lan/Thoning and colleagues.

Source: NOAA GML: globally averaged greenhouse gas concentrations

Carbon dioxide: globally averaged concentration

425.62 ppm latest value, 2025

Source: NOAA GML: globally averaged greenhouse gas concentrations

Access to electricity (% of population)

91.9 % of population latest value, 2024

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

Source: Access to electricity (% of population)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

137.6 kg of nutrients per hectare latest value, 2023

Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrients--animal and plant manures--are not included. For the purpose of data dissemination, FAO has adopted the concept of a calendar year (January to December). Some countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a split-year basis. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Forest area (% of land area)

31.1 % of land area latest value, 2023

Forest area (% of land area) is the share of total land area that is under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens.

Source: Forest area (% of land area)

Global surface temperature anomaly

1.19 °C relative to 1951–1980 latest value, 2025

NASA GISS GISTEMP v4 Land-Ocean Temperature Index, published J-D with all 12 months present. Baseline 1951–1980, not 1850–1900. GISTEMP Team; Lenssen et al. 2024, doi:10.1029/2023JD040179. Historical values can be revised.

Source: NASA GISS: GISTEMP v4

Human-made in-use material mass

0.96 trillion tonnes, estimate latest value, 2015

Elhacham et al., Nature 588, 442–444 (2020), DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5; author files/code pinned to commit 5a0170a51d164c1cc98b232452e86feb1e4ee334. A teratonne is 10¹² tonnes. Human-made material stocks at year-end, not annual production. In-use total excludes separately retained waste. 1900–2015 are historical estimates; 2016–2037 are the 2020 study extrapolation, not 2026 observations or an updated forecast. Biomass is a global model estimate; irregular years are not interpolated. Dry excludes water; wet includes it using the authors’ dry-to-wet conversion assumptions. Biomass after 2017 is author extrapolation. Relative standard deviation retained in %, not a 95% interval. Crossings 2020±6 (dry) and 2037±10 (wet) are published model results sensitive to definitions and uncertainty, not precisely observed transition dates. We preserve source-table years, without reproducing the figure’s shifts or smoothing.

Source: Elhacham et al., Nature 2020: human-made mass and biomass

Land temperature anomaly

1.88 °C latest value, 2025

FAOSTAT ET, Meteorological year. Published exact annual central values only; missing/suppressed values and inequality bounds are excluded from the annual series. Source flags, units, period and release retained in typed tables. Food supply is availability, not actual intake; land areas are not prices; diet cost uses source PPP definitions; land temperature is relative to 1951–1980.

Source: FAO: FAOSTAT

Living biomass: dry mass

1.121 trillion tonnes, model estimate latest value, 2017

Source: Elhacham et al., Nature 2020: human-made mass and biomass

Living biomass: wet mass

2.241 trillion tonnes, model estimate latest value, 2017

Source: Elhacham et al., Nature 2020: human-made mass and biomass

Nitrous oxide: globally averaged concentration

338.85 ppb latest value, 2025

Source: NOAA GML: globally averaged greenhouse gas concentrations

PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

32.9 micrograms/m³, annual mean exposure latest value, 2023

Population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution is defined as the average level of exposure of a nation's population to concentrations of suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing severe health damage. Exposure is calculated by weighting mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 by population in both urban and rural areas.

Source: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)

Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

2,344 million passenger-km latest value, 2007

Passengers carried by railway are the number of passengers transported by rail multiplied by kilometers traveled.

Source: Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

73.7 % of population latest value, 2024

The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from fecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.

Source: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)

People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

58.5 % of population latest value, 2024

The percentage of people using improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households and where excreta are safely disposed of in situ or transported and treated offsite. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines: ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.

Source: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)

Work and skills

Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

87.7 % of people aged 15+ latest value, 2024

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)

Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

3.6 % of GDP latest value, 2023

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Source: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)

Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

58.1 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed.

Source: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)

61 % of population aged 15+ latest value, 2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Learning poverty: Share of Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)

48.3 % of children of end-of-primary age latest value, 2019

The share of 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a short passage of age-appropriate material—in other words, those who are below the “minimum proficiency” threshold for reading. This measure is defined as the union of two deprivations: 1) schooling deprivation and 2) learning deprivation. A child is considered schooling-deprived (SD) if he or she is of primary school age and out-of-school. The dimension of learning deprivation (LD) applies only for children in school, and identifies those pupils who are below the minimum proficiency level (MPL) for reading, as defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), measured in standard learning assessments, and reported in the context of the SDG 4.1.1b monitoring. This “union approach” to measurement reflects the choice that, as presented in the SDGs, all age 10 children must be both in school and learning. The final learning poverty measure combines the two dimensions in a single indicator using the following formula: LP = SD + [(1-SD) x LD]

Source: Learning poverty: Share of Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)

New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

5.2 per 1,000 people aged 15-64 latest value, 2024

The number of newly registered firms with limited liability per 1,000 working-age people (ages 15-64) per calendar year.

Source: New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)

Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

88 % of relevant age group latest value, 2024

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Source: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

42.4 % of employment latest value, 2025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Source: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

93.1 % of people aged 15-24 latest value, 2024

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

Source: Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)

Science, space and technology

Currently confirmed exoplanets by discovery year

246 currently confirmed planets latest value, 2025

Current NASA Exoplanet Archive confirmed-planet records grouped by discovery year; current unfinished year excluded. Retrospective archive, not original release vintages or the number of all planets. Zero means no records in this complete archive query. Acknowledge NASA Exoplanet Archive / NExScI / Caltech/IPAC.

Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive / NExScI, Caltech/IPAC

High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)

24.7 % of manufactured exports latest value, 2024

High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.

Source: High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

2.6 % of GDP latest value, 2023

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

1,651.6 full-time equivalents per million people latest value, 2020

The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Source: Researchers in R&D (per million people)

Patent applications, residents

2,385,200 applications per year latest value, 2021

Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.

Source: Patent applications, residents

Retraction records in Retraction Watch

5,957 database records by notice year latest value, 2025

Retraction Watch records with nature Retraction by notice year for completed years. Not a share of all papers or a misconduct estimate; search completeness and recording lags change.

Source: Crossref / Retraction Watch

Electric cars: share of new car sales

25 % of new car sales latest value, 2025

Share of electric cars among all new cars sold in the year. Sales are new cars in the year, not all cars on the road (that is the stock). Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars: new car sales

21,000,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

New electric cars sold in the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Battery-electric cars (BEV): sales

14,000,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

New battery-electric cars (BEV: battery only, no combustion engine) sold in the year. Plug-in hybrids are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV): sales

7,200,000 cars a year latest value, 2025

New plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV: battery charged from the grid plus a combustion engine) sold in the year. Ordinary hybrids without a plug are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars on the road (stock)

75,000,000 cars latest value, 2025

Electric cars on the road at the end of the year: the whole stock, not the sales of the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars: share of all cars on the road

5 % of the car stock latest value, 2025

Share of electric cars among all cars on the road (the stock), not among the sales of the year. Electric cars are battery-electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrids (PHEV, a battery charged from the grid plus a petrol engine); ordinary hybrids without a plug and fuel-cell cars are not included. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric buses: share of new bus sales

5 % of new bus sales latest value, 2025

Share of electric buses (battery-electric and plug-in hybrid) among all new buses sold in the year. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric trucks: share of new truck sales

9 % of new truck sales latest value, 2025

Share of electric trucks (medium and heavy; battery-electric and plug-in hybrid) among all new trucks sold in the year. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Public EV charging points

6,970,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Publicly available charging points (outlets that can each serve one car at a time) at the end of the year, slow and fast together. A point is not a station: one station can have many points. Home and private workplace chargers are not included. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Fast public charging points (over 22 kW)

2,670,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Publicly available charging points over 22 kW at the end of the year, including ultra-fast ones (150 kW and more). A point is not a station. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Slow public charging points (up to 22 kW)

4,300,000 charging points latest value, 2025

Publicly available charging points of up to 22 kW at the end of the year. A point is not a station. IEA rounds values to two significant figures. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Electric cars per public charging point

11 vehicles per point latest value, 2025

Light-duty electric vehicles on the road (cars and vans, BEV and PHEV) per publicly available charging point. Higher means fewer public chargers per car; it is high where people charge at home, without a shortage of chargers. IEA, Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook), CC BY 4.0.

Source: IEA: Global EV Data Explorer (Global EV Outlook)

Orbital launches

329 launches a year latest value, 2025

Orbital launch attempts in the year, successful and failed together. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Failed orbital launches

11 launches a year latest value, 2025

Orbital launches in the year that failed to reach the intended orbit (GCAT code F; partial failures coded F are included). Counted from the country's first launch attempt. An orbital launch is an attempt to put a payload into Earth orbit or beyond, successful or not; suborbital flights (sounding rockets, missile tests, tourist hops) are excluded. The country is the GCAT launch vehicle state (Falcon 9 is the US, Ariane France, Electron from New Zealand New Zealand), not the satellite's country. Soviet launches (1957-1991) are not assigned to Russia: they are only in the world total. Zero after a country's first launch is a year without launches. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Satellites and spacecraft put into orbit

4,525 payloads a year latest value, 2025

Payloads (satellites, crewed and cargo ships, probes; no rocket stages, debris or dummies) put into orbit by successful launches in the year. The country is the payload owner in GCAT, not the rocket's country: a Turkish satellite on a Falcon 9 is Turkey. Thousands of Starlink satellites since 2019 are the US. Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0.

Source: GCAT — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (J. McDowell)

Communities and participation

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

27.2 % of seats latest value, 2025

Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women.

Source: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)

Religion and beliefs

Christians — population share

28.8 % of population latest value, 2020

Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians — population

2,268,860 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population share

25.6 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Muslims — population

2,022,590 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population share

24.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously unaffiliated — population

1,905,360 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population share

4.1 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Buddhists — population

324,190 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Hindus — population share

14.9 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Hindus — population

1,177,860 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Jews — population share

0.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Jews — population

14,780 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population share

2.2 % of population latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Other religions — population

172,170 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious diversity index

9 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means seven equal groups; 0 means everyone belongs to one group. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religious composition: balance between two groups

6.9 index points (0–10) latest value, 2020

Pew index, 0–10, based on seven broad groups. 10 means two equal groups, which may be any two religions. It is not an affiliated/unaffiliated index. Does not measure religious freedom, intensity of belief or conflict. Values below 0.1 are retained as bounds in the table. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population share

75.8 % of population latest value, 2020

Macroscope calculation: total population minus Unaffiliated. A subtotal of six religious groups, not an eighth group or a count of believers in God. Pew estimates for all ages in 2010 and 2020 from the same revised 2025 release. Harmonised census/survey religious identification, not practising believers. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist or without beliefs. Other religions include folk traditions, Sikhs, Jains, Baha’is and others. The 2026 appendix displays shares below 0.1% as <0.1%; the interactive table displays populations below 10,000 as <10,000; these are retained as bounds in dimensions.operator and omitted from exact chart points. Other counts are rounded to 10,000 and shares to 0.1 percentage point. No intervening years are filled. Affiliated is a derived subtotal of the six religious groups and must not be added to them. Regions/world overlap with countries and must not be summed. Diversity ranks describe only the seven broad groups; a larger rank means less diversity, not less freedom.

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Religiously affiliated — population

5,980,450 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religious composition, 2010 and 2020

Christians among immigrants — share

46.6 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Pew 2024 estimates of international migrant stocks at seven dates, 1990–2020. Incoming means migrants living in a country; Outgoing means people from that country living abroad. These are not annual flows or shares of all residents. Based on international migrant data and estimates of religious composition, not a census of practising believers. Incoming and Outgoing overlap; world totals must not be added to countries. Counts are rounded to 10,000; smaller counts remain <10,000 bounds and are omitted from exact chart points. Shares use migrants in the same direction as denominator, rounded to 0.1 percentage point; 0.0% does not establish absence. Shares for 22 Incoming records with zero total are undefined and omitted. Vatican City Incoming is missing. Unaffiliated does not mean atheist. This release is not spliced with the revised 2025 all-population estimates.

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among immigrants — population

130,880 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — share

28.7 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among immigrants — population

80,420 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — share

13 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among immigrants — population

36,400 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — share

3.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among immigrants — population

10,900 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — share

4.8 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among immigrants — population

13,480 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — share

1.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among immigrants — population

2,980 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — share

2 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among immigrants — population

5,510 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — share

46.6 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Christians among emigrants — population

130,880 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — share

28.7 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Muslims among emigrants — population

80,420 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — share

13 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Religiously unaffiliated among emigrants — population

36,400 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — share

3.9 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Buddhists among emigrants — population

10,900 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among emigrants — share

4.8 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Hindus among emigrants — population

13,480 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — share

1.1 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Jews among emigrants — population

2,980 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — share

2 % of migrants latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Other religions among emigrants — population

5,510 thousand persons latest value, 2020

Source: Pew Research Center: religion of international migrants

Catholics — population, 2010 estimate

1,094,600 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Historical all-age estimates for 2010 from Pew’s 2011 release, 232 countries/territories. Pew’s 2025 revision does not update this detailed split: do not splice into the revised Christian total series. Affiliation, not practice. Protestant includes Anglicans and independent churches; Orthodox includes Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches. Other Christians include, among others, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses under the source classification. Counts of at least 10,000 are rounded to 10,000; <1,000 and <10,000 remain bounds in the typed table only. The source states that <10,000 means 1,000–9,999, not zero. World is the sum of the five regions in the same release. Netherlands Antilles and Channel Islands are not assigned to a single present-day country. Geography follows the 2011 release; South Sudan is separate. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Protestants — population, 2010 estimate

800,640 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Eastern and Oriental Orthodox — population, 2010 estimate

260,380 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Other Christians — population, 2010 estimate

28,430 thousand persons latest value, 2010

Source: Pew: Christian traditions, 2010 estimates (2011 release)

Shia among Muslims — lower estimate endpoint, 2009

10 % of Muslims latest value, 2009

Historical 2009 expert/ethnographic estimates, not a current census or survey responses. Denominator: all Muslims in the respective country, not its total population. Ranges are the source’s likely estimate ranges, not statistical confidence intervals; Pew does not quantify a margin of error. Lower and upper range endpoints have separate indicators; no midpoint is calculated. Approximate (~) estimates are separate; <1%, <5% and similar are bounds in the typed table only. Missing -- is not zero. The remainder is not automatically called Sunni, which would conceal other traditions. Share of the world’s Shia and Shia share of a country’s Muslims have distinct denominators. Macroscope analysis. Pew Research Center bears no responsibility for the analyses or interpretations of the data presented here. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are those of the author and not of Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center has published the original content in English but has not reviewed or approved this translation.

Source: Pew: Shia share ranges, 2009

Shia among Muslims — upper estimate endpoint, 2009

13 % of Muslims latest value, 2009

Source: Pew: Shia share ranges, 2009

Internet and communication freedom

Communication restrictions: documented cases

313 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Cases documented by Access Now / #KeepItOn in the reporting calendar year. Ongoing restrictions count in each year they persist, not only when they begin. Country denotes the affected location, not necessarily the imposing actor. Detection coverage varies; missing country-years are not filled with zero. Counts do not measure affected people, disconnected hours or censorship severity. Subcategories overlap. A subcategory zero means no explicit positive flags among the country-year records; unknown attributes remain in the detailed data.

Full-network restrictions

232 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Service-based restrictions

94 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Intentional throttling

29 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Mobile internet restrictions

307 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Broadband internet restrictions

205 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

SMS restrictions

94 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Phone-call restrictions

92 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Facebook restrictions

31 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

X / Twitter restrictions

20 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

WhatsApp restrictions

27 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Instagram restrictions

20 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Telegram restrictions

23 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Restrictions linked to protests

61 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Restrictions linked to elections

6 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Restrictions linked to conflict

125 documented cases a year latest value, 2025

Restrictions linked to exams

11 documented cases a year latest value, 2025