1. Conflicts

   World War I: births fell 43% in the worst year for countries at war; after a brief spike in 1920 they stayed below pre-war levels

   Typical combatantTypical neutral country

   Births relative to 1911–1913, medians: 57% in the worst war year for 7 combatants and 95% for 8 countries not at war; 104% for combatants in 1920; 96% and 99% on average over the 15 years after the war.

   Source: War dates: Encyclopaedia Britannica; births: Human Mortality Database (CC BY 4.0); Macroscope's calculationOpen on the chart →

More findings

• El Salvador: 14 times fewer homicides per 100,000 people than in 2015
• Pakistan: more for the army than for education
• Ecuador: 7.9 times more homicides per 100,000 people than in 2017
• Austria: 45% fewer babies in 1917 (World War I) than before the war; about the same in countries without war
• Belgium: 51% fewer babies in 1918 (World War I) than before the war; about the same in countries without war
• France: 58% fewer babies in 1916 (World War I) than before the war; about the same in countries without war

All findings →