Russia: in July 2022 the Bank of Russia expected GDP growth of −2.5% for 2023; the outcome was 4.1%
Forecasts of 33 releases (2015–2024) for the next year: the outcome above the forecast 20 times, below 13; typical error +1.05 percentage points. The largest under-forecast in July 2022: −2.5% expected for 2023, the outcome was 4.1%. The largest over-forecast in March 2019: 2.0% expected for 2020, the outcome was −2.7%.
Source: Central banks: published forecasts; actual: official statisticsOpen on the chart →