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  1. Science and spaceRussia

    Russia’s government in 2011: research spending to be 2.5–3% of GDP by 2020. It was 1.09%

    Government of Russia8 December 2011 · Strategy for the Innovative Development of the Russian Federation to 2020

    «raising gross domestic expenditure on research and development to 2.5–3 percent of gross domestic product by 2020 (1.3 percent in 2010), more than half of it from the private sector»

    translated by Macroscope
    Did it come true?Did not come true

    2020: 1.09% of GDP against a target of 2.50%; 2024: 0.94%.

    Fact: World Bank, World Development Indicators (UNESCO Institute for Statistics), GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS

    11.522.52010201220142016201820222020% of GDP1.091 in 2020goal 2.5 by 20201.409 shortsaid

    The share hardly changed from 2010, when it was 1.13%, and by 2024 it fell to 0.94%.

    Source: Quotes from primary sources, facts from official statistics (links on the back)Open on the chart →
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    In the Innovative Development Strategy to 2020 the government promised to more than double research and development spending, with companies providing over half. Here is what Russia actually spent.

    First the words: who said it, when and where, verbatim (translations are ours). Answer Yes or No, or just open the answer: the stamp is the outcome, below it what came of it. On the chart the dark line is the fact year by year up to the deadline, the pale one after it; the blue dashed line is the promised number from the year of the words to the deadline, the light band the time the promise gave; the ring on the line is when it was said, the ring in the stamp’s colour the fact in the deadline year, beside it how far it landed from the goal. The numbers on the right are the scale.

    Goal: the Innovative Development Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2020, government order No. 2227-r of 8 December 2011. Fact: World Bank, World Development Indicators (UNESCO Institute for Statistics data), GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Outcome: «came true» — the promised number reached by the deadline («about» within 5%), an event happened before the end of the year promised; «exceeded» — with room to spare; «nearly» — short by no more than 10%; «late» — reached, but after the deadline; «did not come true» — not reached; «came true, then undone» — reached, then reversed. The deadline is the end of the year named.

    The comparison is with the lower bound of the goal. The strategy gives 1.3% of GDP as the 2010 base; the World Bank and Rosstat series show 1.13%. A 2012 presidential decree also set 1.77% by 2015: it is in the series on research spending goals.

    A question for this picture

    Why does the share spent on research stand still for years, though goals to raise it were set more than once?

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