Russia’s 2009 budget assumed growth of +6.7%. The outcome: −7.8%
Russia: GDP growth
The misses go both ways: over 17 years growth came in above the assumption 9 times, below 8.
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Each autumn, with the draft budget, the government publishes its base forecast: the dollar rate, the oil price, growth and inflation for the next three years. Budget revenue is computed on these assumptions. Here: the assumptions for the next year against the outcome.
By year: blue, what the budget assumed for that year (the forecast made a year earlier); orange, the outcome. The shading is the error.
- 2009: assumed → outcome
+6.7% → −7.8%
- 2010: assumed → outcome
+1.0% → +4.5%
- 2011: assumed → outcome
+3.4% → +4.0%
- 2012: assumed → outcome
+3.5% → +4.0%
- 2013: assumed → outcome
+3.8% → +1.8%
- 2014: assumed → outcome
+3.7% → +0.7%
- 2015: assumed → outcome
+2.0% → −2.0%
- 2016: assumed → outcome
+0.7% → +0.2%
- 2017: assumed → outcome
+0.6% → +1.8%
ОНБП на 2017–2019 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2016), таблица 1.3.1
- 2018: assumed → outcome
+2.1% → +2.8%
ОНБНТТП на 2018–2020 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2017), таблица основных параметров прогноза
- 2019: assumed → outcome
+1.3% → +2.2%
ОНБНиТТП на 2019–2021 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2018), таблица основных параметров прогноза
- 2020: assumed → outcome
+1.7% → −2.7%
ОНБНиТТП на 2020–2022 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2019), таблица 3, базовый вариант
- 2021: assumed → outcome
+3.3% → +5.9%
ОНБНиТТП на 2021–2023 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2020), таблица 2.2.1
- 2022: assumed → outcome
+3.0% → −1.4%
ОНБНиТТП на 2022–2024 годы (Минфин, сентябрь 2021), таблица 2.2.1
- 2023: assumed → outcome
−0.8% → +4.1%
ОНБНиТТП на 2023–2025 годы (Минфин, октябрь 2022), таблица 2.2.1
- 2024: assumed → outcome
+2.3% → +4.9%
ОНБНиТТП на 2024–2026 годы (Минфин, сентябрь 2023), таблица 2.2.1
- 2025: assumed → outcome
+2.5% → +1.0%
ОНБНиТТП на 2025–2027 годы (Минфин, сентябрь 2024), таблица 2.2.1
The Ministry of Finance’s budget policy guidelines (2009–2026), the 2009 budget law and the Ministry of Economic Development’s 2015 scenario: base case, value for the next year. Outcome: the rate, the average of the Bank of Russia’s official rates; Urals, the Ministry of Economic Development’s reported figures; GDP growth, IMF data (April 2026, from Rosstat); inflation, the Bank of Russia, December over December.
A budget assumption is not a promise nor the Bank of Russia’s forecast: it is what revenue was computed on. Misses both ways show on the chart.
A question for this picture
What happens to a budget when its assumption misses reality by tens of percent?