Japan: GDP per person fell 23% in dollars, though real output rose 14%
From 2010 to 2023 output per person, adjusted for prices, rose 14%. In dollars at market exchange rates GDP per person fell 23%: from $45,500 to $35,200. The country did not produce less: its currency lost more against the dollar than prices rose at home.
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Two measures of one economy disagree even on direction: real output per person rose while its value in dollars fell. The exchange rate and prices make the difference.
One percentage scale relative to 2010: 0% is the starting value, +100% is a doubling, −50% is a halving. Lines show the yearly path; on a short screen, bars show the change to 2023. Equal distances mean equal relative changes. For shares, this is relative change, not percentage points. Gaps are not filled; original values and units are below.
- GDP per capita, US dollars current US dollars
45,547.297 (2010) → 35,224.682 (2023)
- GDP per capita, PPP constant 2021 international $
41,647.0459 (2010) → 47,387.2173 (2023)
Start: 2010; end: the latest year up to 2023 with every series (2023). Published values, no gap filling or smoothing. Thresholds select a story and do not establish statistical significance.
Real GDP is in constant 2021 international dollars adjusted for prices; the other series is in current US dollars at market exchange rates. Neither measures an individual’s income.
A question for this picture
Which of the two accounts answers your question about the country’s wealth?