1. Diverging pathsIndia and Madagascar

   India and Madagascar: similar GDP per person in 1990, 6 times apart in 2025

   IndiaMadagascar

   Output per person a year, in 2021 dollars adjusted for price differences: $2,100 in India and $2,000 in Madagascar in 1990; $10,000 and $1,700 in 2025. India grew 4.7-fold; Madagascar fell 15%.

   Source: World Bank (WDI, ITU and UNESCO data); UN WPP 2024Open on the chart →

More findings

• India: 18.5M natives live abroad, 3.9 times as many as the foreign-born living there
• India: stock prices have risen 21% since December 2022
• Madagascar: more babies born than in Germany
• China generates more electricity than the US, the EU and India combined
• India: the birth rate at ages 15–19 is 12 times lower than in 1985
• India and Kazakhstan: almost equal fertility in 2010 (2.60 and 2.61 children per woman); by 2022, 1.99 and 3.05

All findings →