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  1. Population10 countries

    In the 10 countries with the longest series, births per 1,000 people are at their lowest in 2022–2024

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    SwedenItaly

    Sweden: 9.3 births per 1,000 people in 2024 against 39.0 in 1751; Italy: 6.7 in 2022 against 38.0 in 1872. Lower than in any year of war or epidemic in the whole history of these series.

    Source: Human Mortality Database (births and population; births per 1,000 computed by Macroscope) · CC BY 4.0Open on the chart →
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    Births per 1,000 people is the longest fertility measure that old records allow. In every country whose series starts before 1900, the lowest value falls in the last few years. The measure also falls as populations age: with the same children per woman, more older residents mean fewer births per 1,000.

    Lines: births per 1,000 people a year (every fifth year and the last).

    Human Mortality Database: births and mid-year population; births per 1,000 computed by Macroscope. Countries whose series starts before 1900 and reaches 2022 or later: Belgium (1841), Denmark (1835), Finland (1878), France (1816), Iceland (1838), Italy (1872), Netherlands (1850), Norway (1846), Sweden (1751), Switzerland (1876).

    This is not "children per woman": that measure is also low, but its minimums fall in different years. In France the 2023 value almost equals wartime 1916; in Norway and Finland the latest year is slightly above the minimum. The absolute number of births is in the cards on record-low births (Italy, Japan).

    A question for this picture

    So where are most children born? Every second one where most ten-year-olds cannot read a simple text.

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