{"id":"gcat_orbital_launches","title_ru":"GCAT: орбитальные пуски по странам ракеты, итогу и оператору; аппараты на орбите по странам-владельцам, 1957–2025","title_en":"GCAT: orbital launches by launch vehicle country, outcome and operator; payloads to orbit by owner country, 1957-2025","rows":2835,"entities":239,"entity_types":["country","launch_operator","state_or_organization"],"measures":["orbital_launches","payloads_to_orbit"],"period_start":"1957-01-01","period_end":"2025-12-31","time_basis":["calendar_year"],"source_url":"https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/","license":"CC BY 4.0 (cite: McDowell, J., General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects, planet4589.org/space/gcat)","metadata":"/data/indicators/science/meta/gcat_orbital_launches.json","pages":29,"page_size":100,"columns":["entity_type","entity_id","iso3","period_start","period_end","time_basis","measure","value","unit","dimensions","quality","source_url","raw_sha256"],"units":{"orbital_launches":["launches"],"payloads_to_orbit":["payloads"]},"parts":[{"id":"gcat_orbital_launches","rows":2835,"page_offset":0,"pages":29,"csv":"/data/indicators/science/datasets/gcat_orbital_launches.csv"}],"inputs":[{"url":"https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/derived/launchlog.tsv","resolved_url":"https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/derived/launchlog.tsv","retrieved_at":"2026-10-11T15:09:33.599833+00:00","sha256":"02be420338dfeed419624a97ec6561f5061140f82903a1bf4a4bb57db7d8218b","bytes":5248645,"content_type":"text/tab-separated-values; charset=utf-8"},{"url":"https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/tables/orgs.tsv","resolved_url":"https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/tsv/tables/orgs.tsv","retrieved_at":"2026-10-11T15:09:34.996320+00:00","sha256":"a8d6de2ffc0ddecf825b714495522a8090a31aa3136774c1a63a8271acbdcf40","bytes":710983,"content_type":"text/tab-separated-values; charset=utf-8"}],"notes_ru":"Каталог Джонатана Макдауэлла (GCAT). orbital_launches по стране — страна ракеты (LVState), dimensions.outcome — success, failure или unknown; entity_type launch_operator — оператор пуска по коду GCAT (SPX — SpaceX, CALT — CALT, Китай, и т. д.), имя — в dimensions.name. payloads_to_orbit — аппараты, выведенные удачными пусками, по стране-владельцу (SatState) — это не страна ракеты. Коды GCAT вне списка стран ООН остаются как есть: SU — СССР, I-ESA — ЕКА, I-ELDO — ELDO и др. Орбитальный пуск — код O или D (дальний космос), суборбитальные полёты не входят. Текущий незавершённый год не включён.","notes_en":"Jonathan McDowell's General Catalog (GCAT). orbital_launches by country use the launch vehicle state (LVState); dimensions.outcome is success, failure or unknown; entity_type launch_operator is the GCAT agency code (SPX — SpaceX, CALT — China's CALT, etc.), named in dimensions.name. payloads_to_orbit are payloads put into orbit by successful launches, by owner state (SatState), which is not the rocket's country. GCAT codes outside the UN country list stay as they are: SU — the Soviet Union, I-ESA — ESA, I-ELDO — ELDO, etc. An orbital launch has code O or D (deep space); suborbital flights are excluded. The current, unfinished year is not included."}