{"locations":[{"code":"CHN","name":"China","page":"https://macroscope.is/en/country/china/"}],"indicators":[{"id":"patent_applications_by_origin","title":"Patent applications by origin, worldwide","unit":"applications per year"},{"id":"pct_applications","title":"PCT international patent applications","unit":"applications per year"}],"from_year":1950,"to_year":2100,"sections":[{"id":"dyn","title":"How the indicators changed","items":[{"kind":"dynamics","indicators":["patent_applications_by_origin"],"text":"Patent applications by origin, worldwide: 4,067 applications per year in 1985, 1,796,738 applications per year in 2024. Low: 3,495 applications per year in 1986;  since then. The trend broke around 2009 and 2016: +7,061 → +153,215 → +67,136 a year.","data":{"indicator":"patent_applications_by_origin","from":1985,"to":2024,"first":4067,"last":1796738,"trough":{"year":1986,"value":3495},"breaks":[{"year":2009,"slope_before":7060,"slope_after":153000},{"year":2016,"slope_before":153000,"slope_after":67100}]}},{"kind":"dynamics","indicators":["pct_applications"],"text":"PCT international patent applications: 103 applications per year in 1995, 73,626 applications per year in 2025. The trend broke around 2011 and 2019: +733 → +6,545 → +2,113 a year.","data":{"indicator":"pct_applications","from":1995,"to":2025,"first":103,"last":73626,"breaks":[{"year":2011,"slope_before":733,"slope_after":6550},{"year":2019,"slope_before":6550,"slope_after":2110}]}}]},{"id":"together","title":"What changed at the same time","items":[{"kind":"episode","indicators":["patent_applications_by_origin","pct_applications"],"text":"The fastest rise of \"Patent applications by origin, worldwide\" was in 2008–2018: 204,538 applications per year → 1,458,664 applications per year. Over the same years: PCT international patent applications 6,119 applications per year → 53,463 applications per year.","data":{"focus":"patent_applications_by_origin","from":2008,"to":2018,"start":204538,"end":1458664,"others":[{"id":"pct_applications","from":2008,"to":2018,"start":6119,"end":53463}]}},{"kind":"last_decade","indicators":["patent_applications_by_origin","pct_applications"],"text":"Over the last 10 years (2014–2024): patent applications by origin, worldwide 835,516 applications per year → 1,796,738 applications per year; PCT international patent applications 25,542 applications per year → 69,932 applications per year.","data":{"focus":"patent_applications_by_origin","from":2014,"to":2024,"start":835516,"end":1796738,"others":[{"id":"pct_applications","from":2014,"to":2024,"start":25542,"end":69932}]}}]},{"id":"links","title":"How the indicators relate","items":[{"kind":"relationship","indicators":["patent_applications_by_origin","pct_applications"],"text":"Patent applications by origin, worldwide and PCT international patent applications (1995–2024, 30 years): levels are strongly related, in the same direction (r = 0.99); year-to-year changes show no reliable link (r = 0.36). This looks like a shared trend: both change over time, but not in step from year to year.","data":{"a":"patent_applications_by_origin","b":"pct_applications","from":1995,"to":2024,"years":30,"r_levels":0.986,"r_changes":0.365,"effective_pairs_changes":25,"changes_significant":false,"lag":null}}]}],"caveat":"Moving together in time does not prove a cause: incomes, cities, education and the era itself act on many indicators at once. These observations suggest where to look, not what causes what.","view_url":"https://macroscope.is/en/chart/?c=CHN&i=patent_applications_by_origin,pct_applications&from=1950&to=2100&past=1","how_to_read":"text: a ready sentence with numbers; data: the same numbers for calculations. The first indicator is the focus the others are compared with. Relationships are checked in levels (r) and in year-to-year changes (r_changes: the changes have their own linear trend removed; significance corrected for autocorrelation); lag is the shift at which changes line up best. UN errors: actual / projected − 1 for population, births and fertility, actual − projected for migration, life expectancy and mothers' age; IMF: actual − forecast. view_url opens the same view on the site."}