{"locations":[{"code":"DEU","name":"Germany","page":"https://macroscope.is/en/country/germany/"}],"indicators":[{"id":"online_buyers","title":"Online purchase in the last year","unit":"% of people aged 16-74"},{"id":"frequent_online_buyers","title":"Six or more online purchases in three months","unit":"% of people aged 16-74"}],"from_year":1950,"to_year":2100,"sections":[{"id":"dyn","title":"How the indicators changed","items":[{"kind":"dynamics","indicators":["online_buyers"],"text":"Online purchase in the last year: 82.6 % of people aged 16-74 in 2020 → 81.4 % of people aged 16-74 in 2025 (−1.2 pp).","data":{"indicator":"online_buyers","from":2020,"to":2025,"first":82.55,"last":81.38}},{"kind":"dynamics","indicators":["frequent_online_buyers"],"text":"Six or more online purchases in three months: 30.1 % of people aged 16-74 in 2020 → 26 % of people aged 16-74 in 2025 (−4.1 pp). Low: 22.5 % of people aged 16-74 in 2021; +3.5 pp since then.","data":{"indicator":"frequent_online_buyers","from":2020,"to":2025,"first":30.12,"last":26.02,"trough":{"year":2021,"value":22.48}}}]},{"id":"links","title":"How the indicators relate","items":[{"kind":"relationship","indicators":["online_buyers","frequent_online_buyers"],"text":"Online purchase in the last year and six or more online purchases in three months: too few common years with data (4) to speak of a relationship.","data":{"a":"online_buyers","b":"frequent_online_buyers","years":4}}]}],"caveat":"Moving together in time does not prove a cause: incomes, cities, education and the era itself act on many indicators at once. These observations suggest where to look, not what causes what.","view_url":"https://macroscope.is/en/chart/?c=DEU&i=online_buyers,frequent_online_buyers&from=1950&to=2100&past=1","how_to_read":"text: a ready sentence with numbers; data: the same numbers for calculations. The first indicator is the focus the others are compared with. Relationships are checked in levels (r) and in year-to-year changes (r_changes: the changes have their own linear trend removed; significance corrected for autocorrelation); lag is the shift at which changes line up best. UN errors: actual / projected − 1 for population, births and fertility, actual − projected for migration, life expectancy and mothers' age; IMF: actual − forecast. view_url opens the same view on the site."}